India is set to launch its first fully digital population census, with the initial phase beginning on April 1, 2026. Announced by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, this will be the 16th census since inception and the eighth after Independence. Touted as the world’s largest enumeration exercise, it will involve over 3 million officials, including enumerators and supervisors, across the country.
Digital Census 2026: Mobile Apps and Self-Enumeration
In a major digital shift, Census 2026 will use mobile applications for data collection. For the first time, citizens can opt for self-enumeration through a secure online portal available in 16 languages. After submitting details, households will receive a unique Self-Enumeration ID, which will be verified during an enumerator’s visit. This hybrid model blends traditional door-to-door surveys with digital convenience, aiming to boost accuracy, transparency, and participation.
Legal Framework and Census Reference Dates
The census will be conducted under the Census Act, 1948 and the Census Rules, 1990. The reference date for most parts of India is March 1, 2027. However, snow-bound regions such as Ladakh and parts of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand will follow an earlier reference date of October 1, 2026, due to harsh weather conditions.
Two-Phase Structure of India Census
The census will be carried out in two phases:
Phase I (April–September 2026): House listing and housing census, covering amenities, assets, and living conditions.
Phase II (February 2027): Population enumeration, including demographic, socio-economic, educational data, and caste details.
The inclusion of caste enumeration in Phase II makes this exercise particularly significant for governance, welfare policies, and data-driven decision-making.
Key Highlights
India’s first census was conducted in 1872; regular decennial censuses began in 1881.
Census 2026 will be India’s first fully digital census.
Self-enumeration is being introduced for the first time.
The Registrar General and Census Commissioner functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Budget, Scale, and Implementation
The government has allocated ₹11,718.24 crore for Census 2026, covering all 36 States and Union Territories, over 7,000 sub-districts, and nearly 6.4 lakh villages. A robust digital infrastructure—including mobile apps, GIS-based mapping tools, and real-time monitoring dashboards—has been developed.
To ensure smooth execution, a multi-tier training system involving national trainers, master trainers, and field-level trainers has been rolled out. A nationwide pre-test conducted in November 2025 successfully validated the digital systems and methodology, setting the stage for a faster, more accurate, and technology-driven census.
Italy’s Jannik Sinner secured a landmark victory at the Miami Open 2026, defeating Jiri Lehecka 6–4, 6–4 in the final. With this win, Sinner completed the prestigious ‘Sunshine Double’, claiming both Indian Wells and Miami titles in the same season—an achievement that underscores his growing dominance on the ATP Tour.
Historic Sunshine Double feat Sinner became the first player since Roger Federer in 2017 to win both tournaments in a single season. Remarkably, he is the first to achieve this without dropping a single set across the two events. The run also included his maiden Indian Wells title, marking a significant milestone in his career.
Elite company in tennis history The ‘Sunshine Double’ is among tennis’s toughest accomplishments, previously achieved by legends such as Jim Courier, Michael Chang, Pete Sampras, Marcelo Rios, and Andre Agassi. Federer and Novak Djokovic have completed it multiple times. Sinner now becomes the eighth player to join this exclusive list, reinforcing his place among the sport’s elite.
Dominant form and season record The 24-year-old extended his streak to 34 consecutive sets won at the ATP Masters 1000 level, dating back to the Paris Masters last year. He has also improved his season record to 19 wins and just 2 losses. His consistent performances have brought him closer to World No. 1 Carlos Alcaraz in the ATP rankings, significantly narrowing the points gap.
Key facts
The ‘Sunshine Double’ refers to winning Indian Wells and the Miami Open in the same season.
ATP Masters 1000 tournaments are among the most prestigious events after the Grand Slams.
Roger Federer was the last player to complete the Sunshine Double in 2017 before Sinner.
Novak Djokovic holds multiple Sunshine Double titles, including a streak from 2014 to 2016.
Parallel success in women’s tennis On the women’s side, Aryna Sabalenka also completed the Sunshine Double this year. This marks only the fourth instance in history when both ATP and WTA players achieved the feat in the same season, with previous occurrences in 1994, 2005, and 2016 featuring legends such as Steffi Graf, Kim Clijsters, and Victoria Azarenka.
Worshipped as Shani Dev for Centuries in a heartwarming tale of curiosity and observation, an 11-year-old Class 5 student from a small village in Karnataka has stunned historians and locals alike. Lakshmi Prakash Humbi from Mallammana Belawadi (also referred to as Halalmanna Belawadi or Belwadi) village in Bailhongal taluk, Belagavi district, identified a centuries-old Veeragallu (hero stone) that the entire village had been worshipping as an idol of Shani Dev.
The ancient stone, lying outside the local Hanuman temple, had been revered for generations as a deity. But Lakshmi’s keen observation revealed its true historical identity a 12th or 13th-century memorial commemorating a brave warrior who died protecting cattle. Lakshmi’s family was observing an 11-day vow suggested by a visiting devotee (Jogamma). Every day, she visited the Hanuman temple with her mother and brother. Before entering the temple, they would offer prayers to the stone placed outside, which the village priest Balamma Poojari and others believed was a Shani Dev idol. On the final day (March 3, 2026), accompanied by her father Prakash Humbi, Lakshmi boldly pointed out that the stone was not a deity but depicted a battle scene. She drew attention to the carvings of a warrior fighting to protect cows scenes that reminded her of the inspiring stories of the legendary Veera Rani. Belawadi Mallamma, a 17th-century warrior queen from the region known for bravely rescuing cattle from invaders.
Initially skeptical, her father and village elders cleaned the stone and examined it closely. They soon realized the young girl was right. Historians, including Dr. Balappa Eerappa Chinagudi (also referred to as Balappa Irappa Chinagudi) from Bengaluru University and other epigraphists from Dharwad, confirmed the find as a Turugol Veeragallu (a hero stone dedicated to someone who sacrificed their life while protecting cattle). Intricate Carvings on the Ancient Stone the hero stone features beautifully carved panels that narrate a heroic tale first p anel a brave warrior fighting enemies while protecting livestock (cows). Second Panel Apsaras (celestial nymphs) carrying the martyred hero to heaven.Third Panel: The hero depicted in the divine realm near a Shivling and Nandi bull.
Experts believe the stone may date back to the 12th or 13th century, possibly even predating the era of Rani Belawadi Mallamma. It stands as a powerful reminder of the courageous warriors who laid down their lives to safeguard villages and cattle from threats. Veeragallu (or hero stones) are traditional memorial stones erected in South India, particularly in Karnataka, to honor individuals who displayed extraordinary bravery. These stones typically commemorate: Warriors who died in battle. Heroes who sacrificed their lives protecting villages, temples, or cattle from thieves, invaders, or wild animals. Such memorials are rich in symbolic carvings depicting the hero’s valour, journey to heaven, and divine reception.
Lakshmi, daughter of Prakash Humbi, has a younger brother. Growing up in the village, she was deeply influenced by local folklore about Veera Rani Belawadi Mallamma, who fought fearlessly to rescue cattle. These stories sharpened her ability to recognize the carvings on the stone. After the discovery, Lakshmi expressed her wish that the hero stone be properly preserved and studied so that future generations can learn about their rich local history and the bravery of their ancestors.
A Proud Moment for the Village and Beyond This extraordinary discovery by a fifth-grader has not only corrected a long-standing misconception but also revived interest in the forgotten history of Mallammana Belawadi village. Historians have praised Lakshmi’s sharp observation skills, calling her an inspiration for students everywhere. In a world dominated by screens and gadgets, Lakshmi’s story reminds us of the power of curiosity, traditional storytelling, and paying attention to our surroundings.
India’s Royal Heritage Shines on Global Stage.In a proud moment for India’s cultural tourism, The Oberoi Rajgarh Palace in Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, has been included in TIME Magazine’s prestigious World’s Greatest Places 2026 list. The list celebrates extraordinary destinations known for their unique experiences, design, and cultural significance.
Once the majestic residence of the Bundela dynasty, this 350-year-old palace has been meticulously restored and transformed into a luxurious heritage resort by the Oberoi Group. Nestled in the Maniyagarh Hills overlooking a rain-fed lake surrounded by lush greenery, the palace beautifully blends history, nature, and modern luxury.
A Perfect Fusion of History, Wildlife & Culture what makes The Oberoi Rajgarh Palace truly special is not just its grandeur, but the unforgettable experiences it offers. Located just 20-30 minutes away are the iconic Khajuraho Temples – a UNESCO World Heritage Site famous for its intricate carvings and ancient Hindu and Jain architecture. The palace’s in-house historian takes guests on guided tours of these magnificent monuments.
On the other side lies Panna National Park, a sprawling 200-square-mile sanctuary renowned for its successful Bengal tiger reintroduction program, along with leopards and sloth bears. Guests can enjoy private safaris and guided tours to the stunning Raneh Gorge, where a dramatic pink granite canyon ends in waterfalls and a protected gharial habitat.
Originally built in the late 17th century by Bundela King Raja Hindupat Singh as a fort, the palace later became the residence of Chandela King Maharaja Chhatrasal. It still features the historic Mastani Gate, named after Chhatrasal’s daughter Mastani, famously known as the wife of Peshwa Bajirao.
After nearly a decade of careful conservation work by expert architects and local craftsmen, the palace reopened in November 2025 as a 65-room luxury resort. It showcases classic Bundelkhand architecture with hand-carved stone pillars, grand arches, vaulted ceilings, intricate frescoes, traditional lime plaster walls, and beautiful regional arts including Chanderi textiles and tribal crafts.
The resort also hosts “Palace Evenings” featuring vibrant Bundelkhand folk performances and traditional Indian dance, bringing the region’s rich cultural heritage to life. A Milestone for Indian Heritage Tourism Being featured in TIME Magazine’s World’s Greatest Places 2026 is not just an honour for one hotel – it is a global recognition of India’s rich royal heritage, successful conservation efforts, and growing appeal as a luxury cultural destination. For travellers seeking a perfect blend of history, wildlife adventures, and world-class hospitality in a serene setting, The Oberoi Rajgarh Palace has now earned its place among the world’s most extraordinary destinations.
Mahavir Jayanti is the most significant festival in Jainism, commemorating the birth of Lord Mahavir (Vardhamana Mahavira), the 24th and final Tirthankara of the current time cycle. Born in 599 BC in Kundagrama, Bihar, this auspicious day serves as a powerful reminder of spiritual renewal, emphasizing the eternal principles of Ahimsa (non-violence), compassion, truth, self-discipline, and the path to liberation from the cycle of karma. Observed with great reverence by the Jain community worldwide, Mahavir Jayanti is not merely a celebration but a day dedicated to introspection, prayer, and living the timeless teachings of Lord Mahavir in our daily lives.
The Profound Significance of Mahavir Jayanti at its core, Mahavir Jayanti honors the birth of a great soul who attained Keval Gnan (absolute knowledge) and showed humanity the path to spiritual upliftment. The festival reinforces the supreme value of non-violence, urging devotees to extend compassion to all living beings through thoughts, words, and actions. Lord Mahavir propagated the Pancha Mahavratas the five great vows that form the foundation of Jain ethics .Ahimsa (Non-violence) The principle that no living being should be harmed in any way.Satya (Truth) Always speaking and living in honesty.Asteya (Non-stealing): Refraining from taking anything that does not belong to oneself. Brahmacharya (Celibacy/Chastity) Exercising complete control over desires and senses. Aparigraha (Non-attachment/Non-possession): Detachment from material possessions and greed.
On this day, Jains engage in meditation, fasting, reading of holy scriptures, and acts of charity. The festival also highlights Anekantavada – the doctrine of non-absolutism or the “many-sidedness” of truth which promotes tolerance, understanding, and respect for diverse perspectives.
Traditional Celebrations and Rituals. Mahavir Jayanti is marked by vibrant and devout observances Rath Yatra Grand processions where the idol of Lord Mahavir is carried through the streets in a chariot, accompanied by devotional songs and chants. Abhisheka: Ceremonial bathing of the Lord’s idol with sacred substances like milk, water, and sandalwood paste.Charity and Service: Devotees perform acts of kindness, such as donating food, clothes, and other essentials, often supporting animal welfare and community causes. Temples are cleaned and decorated as symbols of inner and outer purity. These traditions foster a sense of community, compassion, and dedication to the path of righteousness.
The Life and Extraordinary Personality of Lord Mahavir. Lord Mahavir, also known as Shri Mahavir Swami or Veer Prabhu, stands as an extraordinary figure among the 24 Tirthankaras. Born approximately 2,500 years ago, He is the last Tirthankara of this descending time cycle. Unlike earlier Tirthankaras, detailed accounts of His life, including many previous births, are well-preserved, allowing devotees to draw deeper inspiration from His journey.
All Tirthankaras are born as Kshatriyas, but due to a specific karmic event in one of His earlier lives (as Marichi), Lord Mahavir’s embryo was miraculously transferred by celestial beings from a Brahmin woman’s womb to that of Queen Trishala – one of the ten great astonishments in Jain tradition. At the age of 30, after the passing of His parents and ensuring His brother’s well-being, Lord Mahavir took Diksha (initiation into monkhood). In that very moment, He attained Manahparyav Gnan the knowledge to read the minds of others. His ascetic life was marked by intense upsargas (trials and afflictions), far more severe than those faced by other Tirthankaras, including freezing cold, prolonged torments by celestial beings, and physical pain.
After twelve and a half years of rigorous penance, Lord Mahavir attained Keval Gnan under a Saal tree on the banks of the Rujuvalika river. For the next 30 years, He delivered liberating sermons (Deshna). At the age of 72, after a continuous 72-hour sermon, He attained Nirvana (final liberation), marking the beginning of the fifth era where the path to Moksha became more challenging.
Teachings of Lord Mahavir. Lord Mahavir’s teachings remain profoundly relevant even today. Some of His most important messages include. Non-violence is the ultimate religion (Ahimsa Parmo Dharma). True enemies lie within us anger, greed, pride, and deceit (Kashayas). Happiness comes from within the Self, not from external sensual pleasures. Control over oneself is far greater than controlling others. Every soul is inherently pure, knowledgeable, and blissful. “Live and let live” should guide all our actions. Unhappiness is often the result of our own past actions and choices. He emphasized Pratikraman – the practice of confession, apology, and resolution not to repeat mistakes as a daily tool for self-purification. Penance should be performed sincerely to exhaust karmas, not for show or ego.
Why Mahavir Jayanti Matters in the Modern World. In today’s fast-paced, materialistic world, the teachings of Lord Mahavir offer a much-needed pause for reflection. His message encourages simplicity, kindness, self-restraint, and compassion amid chaos and conflict. By practicing even small acts choosing kindness over anger, truth over convenience, or detachment over greed we can bring peace to ourselves and harmony to society. Mahavir Jayanti is ultimately a call for contemplation rather than mere celebration: a reminder that this precious human life is meant for attaining liberation (Moksha).
A Call to Action on This Auspicious Day as we celebrate Mahavir Jayanti today, let us resolve to dedicate our time and energy toward spiritual growth. Avoid wasting moments in meaningless pursuits. Instead, turn inward, perform Pratikraman, reduce inner passions, and walk the path shown by the Tirthankaras. Lord Mahavir transformed ordinary souls into embodiments of courage and wisdom. May His blessings inspire us to face our own karmas with patience and equanimity, ultimately leading us toward the supreme state of liberation.
In a heartwarming fusion of science and culture, researchers have identified a new perennial shrub species from the grasslands of Manas National Park in Assam and named it Osbeckia zubeengargiana in honour of acclaimed Assamese singer and cultural icon Zubeen Garg.
About the New Species osbeckia zubeengargiana belongs to the Melastomataceae family, commonly known for its attractive “princess flowers.” It is a perennial shrub that grows 2.5 to 3.5 metres tall and thrives in moist soil in open grassland habitats. The plant produces eye-catching purple to pinkish flowers in clusters, with individual flowers measuring roughly 2.5 to 3 cm in length. It typically blooms from mid-September to January, making it easier for botanists to spot during field surveys. While it shares similarities with other members of the genus Osbeckia (such as Osbeckia rostrata), distinct botanical features-including leaf shape, flower structure, and seed characteristics-confirmed it as a new species. The genus Osbeckia includes over 40 species, mostly distributed across South and Southeast Asia.
Significance of the Naming the specific epithet “zubeengargiana” serves as a fitting tribute to Zubeen Garg’s immense contributions to Assamese music, culture, and his deep love for nature. Family members, including Garima Saikia Garg, have welcomed the honour, noting that “Zubeen was a child of nature, and now his name is attached to nature itself.” This naming immortalises the singer’s legacy while highlighting Assam’s rich biodiversity.
Conservation Status and Ecological Context researchers observed a significant population of the plant within Manas National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located along the India-Bhutan border and part of the Manas Tiger Reserve. The park’s divers ecosystems-including tropical forests, alluvial grasslands, and riverine habitats-support numerous rare and endangered species. However, its distribution outside the protected area remains unknown. Due to insufficient ecological data, the species has been categorised as “Data Deficient” on the IUCN Red List. This underscores the need for further studies on its population size, geographic range, and conservation requirements.
The discovery reinforces the fact that India’s northeastern region, particularly areas like Manas National Park, continues to harbour unexplored biodiversity hotspots despite ongoing conservation efforts.
A Poetic Blend of Nature and Culture this find not only adds to the botanical wealth of Assam but also beautifully bridges natural heritage with cultural pride. As the purple-pink blooms of Osbeckia zubeengargiana brighten the grasslands of Manas every autumn and winter, they will serve as a living memorial to one of Assam’s most beloved voices. The discovery is a proud moment for the state and a reminder of the vast scientific potential that still lies within India’s protected natural landscapes.
New Financial Year 2026–27: Starting April 1, 2026, a new financial year begins in India, bringing a host of important changes that will directly affect your savings, investments, and spending habits. Key reforms introduced by the Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India aim to simplify taxation, strengthen digital security, and promote transparency.
From the new Income Tax framework to stricter digital payment rules, here are 16 major changes you must know about:
New Income Tax Act 2025 Comes into Effect
The old Income Tax Act of 1961 will be replaced by the Income Tax Act, 2025, designed to simplify and modernize the tax system. While tax slabs remain largely unchanged, processes and terminology have been streamlined.
One major change: the dual concept of Assessment Year (AY) and Financial Year (FY) is removed. Income earned from April 1 will now be reported under a single “Tax Year 2026–27.”
2. PAN–Aadhaar Linking Mandatory
PAN cards not linked with Aadhaar will become inoperative from April 1. Without an active PAN:
You cannot open a bank account
Transactions above ₹50,000 will be restricted
Reactivation may involve penalties
3. New Income Tax Forms Introduced
Tax filing forms have been renamed:
Form 16 → Form 130
Form 16A → Form 131
This aligns with the new simplified tax structure.
4. Stronger Digital Payment Security
The Reserve Bank of India has made multi-factor authentication mandatory. For large transactions:
OTP alone will not be sufficient
Biometric authentication (fingerprint/face ID) or PIN will be required
This enhances security but may slightly increase transaction time.
5. Cashless Toll Payments on Highways
National highway tolls are moving toward a fully digital system:
Cash lanes may be discontinued
UPI payments may attract up to 25% extra charge
Vehicles without FASTag may face double penalties
6. New Tax Regime: ₹12 Lakh Tax-Free Limit
Under the new tax regime:
Income up to ₹12 lakh is tax-free
With ₹75,000 standard deduction, effective exemption becomes ₹12.75 lakh
7. LPG Prices and ATM Charges
LPG cylinder prices will be revised monthly
Banks may reduce free ATM withdrawal limits
Charges may exceed ₹23 per extra transaction
8. More Cities Added for HRA Benefits
Cities like Bengaluru, Pune, Hyderabad, and Ahmedabad are now classified as metro cities for HRA:
Eligible for 50% HRA exemption (earlier limited to 4 metros)
9. Higher Children’s Education Allowance
Under the old tax regime:
Education allowance increased from ₹100 → ₹3,000/month
Hostel allowance increased from ₹300 → ₹9,000/month
10. Meal Voucher Tax Exemption Increased
Corporate employees benefit as:
Tax-free meal allowance increased from ₹50 → ₹200 per meal
11. Gift Voucher Tax Relief
Annual tax-free gift vouchers increased from:
₹5,000 → ₹15,000
12. New PAN Card Rules
Aadhaar-only PAN issuance discontinued
New category-based forms required
PAN mandatory for deposits above ₹10 lakh
13. FASTag Annual Pass Cost Increased
The National Highways Authority of India has increased FASTag annual pass:
From ₹3,000 → ₹3,075
Valid for 1 year or 200 trips
14. Automatic PF Transfer
Under the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation:
PF accounts will auto-transfer when you change jobs
No manual form submission required
15. Easier PF Withdrawals
PF withdrawal rules are simplified:
Up to ₹5 lakh withdrawal
Auto-settlement within 3 days
Allowed for illness, education, or marriage
16. Tax on Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGB)
If SGBs are bought from the secondary market:
Maturity gains will attract 12.5% capital gains tax
Tax exemption now limited to bonds purchased directly from RBI
Conclusion: What This Means for You
The new financial year brings a mix of tax relief, stricter compliance, and enhanced digital security. While some changes may require adjustment—like stricter payment authentication or PAN compliance—others, such as higher tax-free income limits and allowances, offer clear financial benefits.
Action Tip: Review your PAN-Aadhaar status, update your tax planning, and prepare for increased digital compliance to avoid penalties
Happy Mahavir Jayanti 2026 Wishes, Quotes, Images and Status: Warm wishes on Mahavir Jayanti to share with your friends and family.
Happy Mahavir Jayanti 2026 Wishes, Quotes, Images, Messages, and WhatsApp Status: Mahavir Jayanti, also known as Mahaveer Janma Kalyanak, is a significant festival in Jainism, celebrated by the community in India, Nepal, the United States, and the United Kingdom. This year marks the 2624th birth anniversary of Lord Mahavir, the 24th and last Tirthankara, falling on Tuesday, March 31, 2026. With the festival just around the corner, indianexpress.com has curated these heartfelt wishes to convey to friends and family.
Happy Mahavir Jayanti 2026: Wishes
Wishing you peace, happiness, and spiritual growth this Mahavir Jayanti.
May Lord Mahavir bless you with wisdom and compassion. Happy Mahavir Jayanti!
Let this auspicious day of Mahavir Jayanti bring harmony and positivity into your life
Warm wishes to you and your family on this sacred occasion of Mahaveer Janma Kalyanak.
Happy Mahaveer Janma Kalyanak! May your heart be filled with kindness and your actions with purity.
Wishing you a life of peace and spiritual enlightenment on Mahavir Jayanti!
May Lord Mahavir’s teachings illuminate your path always. Happy Mahavir Jayanti to you and your family!
Celebrate this day with love, forgiveness, and joy. Happy Mahavir Jayanti!
Happy Mahavir Jayanti 2026: Quotes
“All souls are equal and deserve respect and compassion.”
“Non-violence is the greatest religion.”
“Silence and self-control are the paths to inner peace.”
“Conquer anger with forgiveness and pride with humility.”
“Right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct lead to liberation.”
“Peace comes from within; do not seek it outside.”
“The greatest wealth is a peaceful mind.”
Happy Mahavir Jayanti 2026: Messages
Let us honour Lord Mahavir by embracing forgiveness and humility. Blessed Mahaveer Janma Kalyanak!
On this Mahavir Jayanti, may you follow the path of truth and kindness.
Let us promise to practice non-violence and spread love everywhere. Jai Mahavir!
May your life be filled with harmony and spiritual joy. Happy Mahavir Jayanti
Wishing you strength to walk the path of righteousness on this occasion of Mahavir Jayanti.
May this day inspire you to live a life of discipline and compassion. Happy Mahaveer Janma Kalyanak!
Let this Mahavir Jayanti bring new hope and positivity to your life. Jai Mahavir!
Happy Mahavir Jayanti! Spread kindness, practice patience, and stay true to your values.
India is set to bar Chinese companies, including Hikvision and Dahua, from selling internet-connected CCTV cameras in the country starting April 1, according to a report.
The move comes as new certification rules for surveillance equipment come into force, mandating stricter security and compliance standards.
Under the revised framework, the government is reportedly refusing to certify products manufactured by Chinese firms or those using Chinese chipsets. This effectively blocks such devices from entering or being sold in the domestic market.
The decision is aimed at addressing national security concerns linked to surveillance infrastructure and data integrity, the report added.
The decision is a part of a broader government push to strengthen security standards for internet-connected devices. The security concern has been building for several years. The concerns for Made in China surveillance hardware are not just about the trade but also about the security concerns, as these devices could be used remotely to record sensitive footage.
According to the new rules, manufacturers are bound to disclose the country of origin of products, specifically System-on-Chip. They should also submit devices for vulnerability testing.
