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Amartya Sen: The Nobel Laureate Who Redefined Economics Through Human Development

By
Kanan Rathore
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0

Renowned Indian economist, philosopher and Nobel laureate Amartya Sen is widely recognised for changing the way the world understands poverty, inequality, economic development and human welfare. His work brought together economics, philosophy and social justice, highlighting that a country’s progress should not be measured merely through income or economic growth but also through the opportunities, freedoms and quality of life available to its people.

Born on November 3, 1933, Amartya Kumar Sen has made remarkable contributions to economic thought and public policy. On his birth anniversary, his life journey and achievements offer an opportunity to revisit the ideas that have influenced discussions on poverty, hunger, education, healthcare and human development across the world.

Early Life and Education

Amartya Sen was born in Santiniketan, Bengal, in a family with an academic background. His father, Ashutosh Sen, was a professor of chemistry, while his maternal grandfather, Kshiti Mohan Sen, was a distinguished scholar of Sanskrit and Indian culture. Growing up in Santiniketan, an educational and cultural centre associated with Rabindranath Tagore, Sen was exposed to literature, philosophy and intellectual discussions from an early age.

His childhood experiences also played an important role in shaping his understanding of social and economic inequalities. As a young boy, he witnessed the Bengal Famine of 1943, which caused widespread hunger and loss of life. The experience left a lasting impression on him and contributed to his interest in understanding the causes of poverty, hunger and deprivation.

Sen completed his early university education at Presidency College in Calcutta, where he studied economics. He later moved to the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom and joined Trinity College. He completed his doctoral studies in economics in 1959, laying the foundation for a distinguished academic career.

An Academic Journey Across the World

Sen began his teaching career in India and went on to work at several prestigious academic institutions around the world. He served as a professor at Jadavpur University and later taught at the Delhi School of Economics. His academic journey also took him to the London School of Economics and the University of Oxford.

He subsequently became a leading academic figure at the University of Cambridge, where he served as Master of Trinity College from 1998 to 2004. He has also been associated with Harvard University as Thomas W. Lamont University Professor and Professor of Economics and Philosophy.

Over the decades, Sen’s research has covered a wide range of subjects, including welfare economics, social choice theory, development economics, public health, gender inequality, ethics and political philosophy. His ability to connect economic questions with human experiences has made his work influential beyond the academic world.

Transforming the Understanding of Poverty and Hunger

One of Amartya Sen’s most significant contributions has been his research on poverty and famines. His influential 1981 book, Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, challenged the conventional understanding that famines occur simply because there is not enough food available.

Sen explained that people can face starvation even when food exists in the market. The problem may lie in their inability to access or purchase it because of unemployment, falling wages, rising prices or the loss of livelihoods. His research highlighted the importance of understanding how people gain access to food and essential resources.

His work also emphasised the relationship between democracy, public accountability and food security. He argued that a free press, political participation and an accountable government play important roles in preventing large-scale famines.

The Capability Approach and Human Development
Another major contribution of Sen is the Capability Approach, which changed the way economists and policymakers assess human well-being. According to this approach, development should not be judged only by a person’s income or a country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Instead, it should also consider what people are actually able to do and become.

This includes having access to education, healthcare, adequate nutrition, employment opportunities and the freedom to make meaningful choices about one’s life.

His ideas significantly influenced the development of the Human Development Index (HDI), introduced by the United Nations Development Programme in 1990 under the leadership of Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq. The index measures development through three broad dimensions: health, education and standard of living. Sen’s intellectual contributions helped shape this broader understanding of development.

Nobel Prize and Major Achievements

In 1998, Amartya Sen received the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel for his contributions to welfare economics. He became the first Asian to receive this prestigious economics prize.

In 1999, the Government of India honoured him with the Bharat Ratna, the country’s highest civilian award, in recognition of his outstanding contributions. He has also received several international honours, including the National Humanities Medal from the United States in 2011 and the Honorary Companion of Honour from the United Kingdom.

Some of his widely recognised books include Development as Freedom (1999), The Argumentative Indian (2005), Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny (2006) and The Idea of Justice (2009). Through these works, he explored the connections between freedom, identity, democracy, social responsibility and justice.

A Legacy Beyond Economics

Amartya Sen’s contribution extends far beyond economic theories and academic research. His ideas have encouraged governments, institutions and researchers to look at development from the perspective of ordinary people, particularly those facing poverty, discrimination and limited opportunities.

His work reminds the world that economic progress has little meaning if people continue to struggle for basic necessities, education, healthcare and equal opportunities. By placing human freedom and dignity at the centre of development, Sen has helped shape a more inclusive understanding of progress.

As he celebrates his birth anniversary, his intellectual legacy continues to inspire conversations on building societies where economic growth goes hand in hand with equality, justice and human well-being.

World Sandwich Day: Celebrating the Simple Creation That Became a Global Favourite

By
Kanan Rathore
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0

From a quick breakfast and an office lunch to a comforting evening snack, sandwiches have become an inseparable part of food culture across the world. World Sandwich Day, observed annually on November 3, celebrates this simple yet versatile culinary creation that has found a place in kitchens, cafes and restaurants across continents. Made with two or more slices of bread and a variety of fillings, sandwiches represent convenience, creativity and the ability of food to adapt to different tastes and traditions.

The occasion is also associated with the birthday of John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich, who was born on November 3, 1718. His name became closely connected with the popular food preparation that eventually came to be known as the sandwich.

The History Behind the Sandwich

The modern sandwich is widely associated with John Montagu, an English aristocrat and statesman of the 18th century. According to a popular historical account, he enjoyed eating meat placed between slices of bread so that he could continue playing cards without interrupting his game for a formal meal. The convenient preparation soon became popular among his acquaintances, who began requesting food prepared in the same manner as the Earl of Sandwich.

Although similar combinations of bread and fillings existed in different cultures long before this period, the Earl’s name became attached to the dish, and the word ‘sandwich’ gradually entered common usage.

Over time, what began as a convenient meal evolved into an internationally recognised food category, with different countries developing their own interpretations using local ingredients and culinary traditions.

A World of Flavours Between Two Slices of Bread

One of the reasons behind the sandwich’s popularity is its remarkable versatility. It can be prepared with vegetables, cheese, eggs, meat, seafood, sauces, herbs and countless other ingredients. From simple homemade preparations to elaborate restaurant creations, sandwiches offer something for almost every preference.

Different countries have developed distinctive versions of this everyday favourite. The classic club sandwich, with its multiple layers of bread, vegetables and meat, is popular across cafes and restaurants. The French baguette sandwich is known for its crusty bread and fresh fillings, while the Italian panini is typically prepared using pressed and grilled bread.

In India, sandwiches have developed their own identity through the use of local flavours and ingredients. The Mumbai street-style vegetable sandwich, filled with potatoes, tomatoes, cucumber, beetroot and chutneys, is a familiar favourite. Other popular varieties include the grilled cheese sandwich, Bombay masala sandwich, paneer sandwich and chutney sandwich. These preparations reflect how a global food can become deeply connected with regional tastes.

More Than Just a Quick Meal

Sandwiches are popular not only because of their taste but also because of their convenience. They are easy to prepare, carry and customise, making them suitable for school lunches, office breaks, picnics and travel. Depending on the ingredients used, they can also offer a balanced combination of carbohydrates, protein, vegetables and healthy fats.

With changing food preferences, sandwiches have continued to evolve. Whole-grain breads, plant-based fillings, fresh vegetables and protein-rich ingredients have introduced healthier alternatives, while cafes and food businesses continue experimenting with new combinations and presentation styles.

Celebrating a Global Food Favourite

World Sandwich Day is an occasion to appreciate a food that has crossed geographical and cultural boundaries while remaining simple at its heart. From traditional street-food stalls to contemporary restaurants, the sandwich has successfully adapted to changing lifestyles without losing its basic appeal.

Whether it is a humble vegetable sandwich prepared at home, a grilled cheese enjoyed on a rainy afternoon or an elaborate cafe-style creation, this everyday favourite reminds us that some of the most loved foods do not need complicated recipes.

On November 3, World Sandwich Day celebrates not just a dish but also the creativity, cultural diversity and culinary traditions that have transformed two slices of bread into a worldwide favourite.

World Jellyfish Day: Celebrating the Mysterious Creatures of the Ocean

By
Kanan Rathore
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0

World Jellyfish Day is observed annually on November 3 to celebrate one of the ocean’s most fascinating and mysterious inhabitants. Known for their translucent bodies, graceful movements and trailing tentacles, jellyfish have existed in Earth’s oceans for hundreds of millions of years. The occasion encourages people to learn more about these unusual marine creatures, understand their role in maintaining ocean ecosystems and recognise their importance in marine biodiversity.

Despite their name, jellyfish are not actually fish. They are invertebrates belonging to the phylum Cnidaria, a group that also includes corals and sea anemones. Unlike fish, jellyfish do not have a backbone, bones, a heart or a brain. Instead, they possess a simple nervous system known as a nerve net, which helps them respond to their surroundings. Their bodies are made up of approximately 95 per cent water, and their umbrella-shaped structure, known as the bell, helps them move through the water by contracting and relaxing.

An Ancient Presence in the Oceans

Jellyfish are among the oldest multi-organ animals on Earth, with their evolutionary history extending back more than 500 million years. They existed long before dinosaurs appeared and have survived numerous changes in the planet’s environment. Their ability to adapt to different marine conditions has allowed them to inhabit oceans across the world, from shallow coastal waters to the deep sea.

There are thousands of different jellyfish species and related organisms, varying considerably in size, colour, shape and habitat. Some are nearly transparent, while others display shades of blue, pink, purple and orange. Certain species are also capable of bioluminescence, producing light through chemical reactions within their bodies, creating striking displays in dark ocean waters.

Importance in Marine Ecosystems

Beyond their unusual appearance, jellyfish play an important role in maintaining marine food webs. They feed on plankton, fish eggs, small crustaceans and other tiny marine organisms. At the same time, they serve as a food source for several ocean predators, including sea turtles, certain fish species and seabirds.
Jellyfish also contribute to the movement of organic matter and carbon through marine ecosystems. When they die, their remains sink through the water column, providing nutrients to organisms in deeper ocean environments.

However, changes in ocean conditions can influence jellyfish populations. Rising sea temperatures, changes in nutrient levels, overfishing and other environmental disturbances may contribute to jellyfish blooms, in which large numbers gather in a particular area. Such blooms can affect fisheries, tourism, coastal activities and marine ecosystems.

A Fascinating Creature with a Cautionary Side

While jellyfish are admired for their beauty, some species possess specialised stinging cells called nematocysts, located mainly on their tentacles. These cells help them capture prey and defend themselves against predators. Depending on the species, their stings can cause mild irritation or severe medical emergencies. The box jellyfish, for instance, is among the most venomous marine animals.

Their fascinating biological features have also attracted scientific interest. Researchers study jellyfish for their bioluminescence, unique life cycles and regenerative abilities, offering insights into different areas of biological and medical research.

Understanding and Protecting Marine Life

World Jellyfish Day is an opportunity to look beyond the fear or fascination associated with these creatures and appreciate their ecological significance. Observing jellyfish through responsible aquarium visits, learning about marine biodiversity and supporting ocean conservation initiatives are some ways to mark the occasion.

The day also reminds us that every marine organism, regardless of its size or appearance, has a place in the larger ecological system. As oceans face increasing environmental pressures, understanding their diverse inhabitants becomes essential.

Jellyfish, with their ancient origins and remarkable ability to survive through millions of years of evolutionary change, remain an important part of the ocean’s natural balance. World Jellyfish Day celebrates not just these extraordinary creatures but also the richness, complexity and interconnectedness of life beneath the waves.

India Signs ₹53,866-Crore Deal for Eight Next-Generation Corvettes for Indian Navy

By
Kanan Rathore
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0

India has taken another significant step towards strengthening its maritime defence capabilities with the Ministry of Defence signing contracts worth ₹53,866.50 crore for the acquisition of eight Next Generation Corvettes (NGCs) for the Indian Navy on November 2, 2026. The agreements were signed with Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited (GRSE) and Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) in the presence of Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh at Kartavya Bhawan-2 in New Delhi.

Under the agreement, GRSE will construct five corvettes, while GSL will build the remaining three. The project marks an important milestone in India’s indigenous warship design and construction capabilities, as it is the first programme in which the ships will be designed by the Indian Navy and constructed by Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) selected through a competitive process.

The initiative is part of India’s broader efforts to modernise its naval fleet, enhance maritime security and promote self-reliance in defence manufacturing under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative.

What Are Next Generation Corvettes?

Corvettes are relatively compact naval warships designed to undertake a range of maritime security and combat operations. Despite their smaller size compared with destroyers and frigates, they play an important role in coastal defence, maritime surveillance and protecting national interests at sea.

The eight Next Generation Corvettes will feature advanced missiles, weapons systems and sensor suites, enabling them to undertake missions across air, surface and sub-surface domains. These capabilities will allow the vessels to perform multiple roles, including anti-surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare, coastal defence and maritime surveillance.

According to the Ministry of Defence, the induction of these warships is expected to strengthen the Indian Navy’s ability to safeguard maritime trade routes, undertake littoral combat operations and maintain a stronger presence across strategically important maritime regions.

A Boost to Indigenous Warship Manufacturing

A key feature of the project is its emphasis on indigenous design, technology and manufacturing. Unlike procurement programmes dependent on foreign-designed platforms, these corvettes will be based on an Indian Navy-developed design and constructed by Indian defence shipyards.

The project will encourage greater participation from domestic industries, including private shipyards, equipment manufacturers and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The use of Made-in-India materials, equipment, technologies and skilled manpower is expected to strengthen the country’s naval manufacturing ecosystem.

GRSE, headquartered in Kolkata, and Goa Shipyard Limited, based in Goa, are among India’s established defence shipbuilding public sector undertakings. Their participation in the programme reflects the growing role of domestic shipyards in developing and manufacturing advanced naval platforms.

Employment Generation and Economic Impact

Beyond strengthening defence capabilities, the project is expected to generate substantial employment opportunities across the country’s shipbuilding and industrial sectors.

According to the Ministry of Defence, the construction of eight corvettes is expected to generate approximately 72 lakh person-days of employment at the shipyards over the next ten years. Additionally, around 460 lakh person-days of employment are expected to be generated in ancillary industries and MSMEs during the same period.

The project is also expected to strengthen industrial collaboration, encourage technological development and create opportunities for Indian manufacturers supplying specialised components and equipment for naval platforms.

Strengthening India’s Maritime Security

India’s strategic position in the Indian Ocean Region makes maritime security an important component of its national defence priorities. The country’s extensive coastline, major ports and dependence on maritime trade routes underline the need for a capable and technologically advanced navy.

The addition of eight Next Generation Corvettes is expected to enhance the Indian Navy’s operational flexibility and ability to respond to emerging maritime challenges. Their capabilities across air, surface and underwater domains will support a wide range of naval missions.

The ₹53,866.50-crore agreement represents more than a major warship acquisition programme. It brings together indigenous naval design, domestic shipbuilding expertise, technological development and employment generation. As India continues to expand its defence manufacturing capabilities, the project marks another important development in its pursuit of a stronger and more self-reliant maritime defence ecosystem.

Air Chief Marshal Ashutosh Dixit Takes Charge as 29th Chief of Air Staff

By
Kanan Rathore
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0

Air Chief Marshal Ashutosh Dixit, PVSM, AVSM, VM, VSM, assumed charge as the 29th Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) of the Indian Air Force on October 31, 2026, succeeding Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh. His appointment marks an important transition in the leadership of the Indian Air Force, bringing an experienced fighter pilot, military strategist and aviation professional to its highest leadership position.

Born on December 9, 1966, Air Chief Marshal Dixit has built an illustrious career spanning nearly four decades. His professional journey reflects extensive experience in fighter operations, flight testing, aircraft development, military planning and defence modernisation. Over the years, he has held several important command and staff appointments, contributing to strengthening the operational capabilities of the Indian Air Force.

An alumnus of the prestigious National Defence Academy (NDA), Air Chief Marshal Dixit was commissioned into the Fighter Stream of the Indian Air Force on December 6, 1986. He is an accomplished fighter pilot, Qualified Flying Instructor and Experimental Test Pilot, with more than 3,500 hours of flying experience across a wide range of aircraft. These include the Mirage-2000, various MiG variants, Jaguar, Kiran, IL-78, Hawk and the indigenous Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas.

His career has involved participation in significant military operations, including Operation Safed Sagar, Operation Rakshak and Operation Sindoor. Operation Safed Sagar was the Indian Air Force’s aerial campaign during the 1999 Kargil conflict, while Operation Rakshak involved counter-insurgency operations in Jammu and Kashmir. His association with Operation Sindoor came during his tenure as Chief of Integrated Defence Staff to the Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee.

Air Chief Marshal Dixit has also held several operational command responsibilities. He commanded a Mirage-2000 squadron, a Forward Base Support Unit in the Western Sector and Air Force Station Bidar, an important fighter training establishment. His other appointments include Air Defence Commander at Southern Air Command, Senior Air Staff Officer at South Western Air Command and Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Central Air Command.

A significant aspect of his career has been his contribution to India’s indigenous defence and aviation programmes. He played an important role in finalising the Jaguar and MiG-27 aircraft upgrade projects and was instrumental in completing the Initial Operational Clearance and Final Operational Clearance activities for the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Mk-I Tejas. His experience in aircraft development and modernisation has contributed to the Indian Air Force’s efforts towards enhancing self-reliance in defence technology.

Before assuming his current position, he served as the Vice Chief of the Air Staff and earlier held the appointment of Chief of Integrated Defence Staff to the Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee. His professional education includes the Defence Services Command and Staff College in Bangladesh and the National Defence College in New Delhi.

In recognition of his distinguished service and contributions to the nation, he has received several prestigious military decorations, including the Vayu Sena Medal in 2006, Vishisht Seva Medal in 2011, Ati Vishisht Seva Medal in 2023 and Param Vishisht Seva Medal in 2026.

Air Chief Marshal Dixit assumes leadership at a crucial time for the Indian Air Force, which is focusing on modernisation, strengthening combat capabilities, technological advancement and expanding indigenous defence manufacturing. Enhancing operational preparedness, developing advanced aircraft platforms and improving integration among India’s three armed services remain important priorities for the country’s defence establishment.

As the 29th Chief of the Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal Ashutosh Dixit takes forward the responsibility of leading one of India’s most important defence institutions. His appointment brings together decades of operational experience, technical expertise and strategic leadership at a time when the Indian Air Force continues to evolve to meet emerging national security challenges.

Shah Rukh Khan at 61: The Journey of a Boy from Delhi Who Became the King of Bollywood

By
Kanan Rathore
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0

November 2 marks the birthday of Shah Rukh Khan, one of the most recognisable faces of Indian cinema and a name that has become synonymous with Bollywood across the world. Born on November 2, 1965, the actor turns 61 today. Fondly known as the ‘King of Bollywood’ and ‘King Khan’, Shah Rukh has built a remarkable career spanning more than three decades. His journey from a middle-class family in Delhi to international stardom is not merely the story of an actor’s success but also a reflection of determination, confidence and an extraordinary ability to connect with people.

For millions of admirers, Shah Rukh Khan is much more than a film star. He represents romance, ambition, charm and the belief that dreams can be achieved regardless of where one begins. His popularity extends beyond India, making him one of the most recognised Indian personalities internationally.

Early Life and the Making of a Star

Shah Rukh Khan was born in New Delhi to Meer Taj Mohammed Khan and Lateef Fatima Khan. His father was involved in business and had also participated in India’s freedom movement, while his mother was a magistrate and social worker. Growing up in Delhi, Shah Rukh developed an interest in sports, theatre and performing arts. He studied at St. Columba’s School, where he was actively involved in extracurricular activities and received recognition for his achievements. He later attended Hansraj College, University of Delhi, where he pursued a degree in Economics, while continuing to nurture his passion for acting.

His entry into the entertainment industry was through television rather than cinema. During the late 1980s, he appeared in television serials such as Fauji (1988), in which he played the role of Abhimanyu Rai, and Circus (1989). These performances brought him recognition and introduced audiences to his distinctive screen presence. However, life was not without personal challenges. The loss of both his parents at a relatively young age deeply affected him. Eventually, he moved to Mumbai to pursue his ambitions in the film industry, taking a significant step towards a future that would transform Indian cinema.

The Beginning of a Remarkable Bollywood Career

Shah Rukh Khan made his Hindi film debut with Deewana in 1992, opposite Rishi Kapoor and Divya Bharti. The film became a commercial success and earned him the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut. Rather than following the conventional path of a romantic hero, he initially made a bold impression by taking on negative and unconventional characters.

His performances in Baazigar (1993) and Darr (1993) established him as an actor willing to experiment with challenging roles. These films demonstrated his ability to portray complex characters and helped him stand apart from many of his contemporaries.

The turning point in his career came with Aditya Chopra’s Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (1995), popularly known as DDLJ. His portrayal of Raj Malhotra opposite Kajol became one of the most memorable performances in Hindi cinema. The film redefined romance for an entire generation and established Shah Rukh as one of Bollywood’s leading romantic heroes. Its popularity has endured for decades, making it one of the most celebrated romantic films in Indian cinema.

Following this success, he delivered a series of memorable performances in films such as Dil To Pagal Hai (1997), Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998), Mohabbatein (2000), Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham (2001) and Devdas (2002). His on-screen chemistry with leading actresses, particularly Kajol, Madhuri Dixit and Rani Mukerji, became an important part of his cinematic appeal.

Beyond Romance: An Actor of Many Dimensions

Although Shah Rukh Khan became widely recognised for romantic roles, his filmography reflects a much broader range of performances. He consistently explored characters that challenged his established image and demonstrated his versatility.

Films such as Swades (2004), in which he portrayed a NASA scientist returning to India, and Chak De! India (2007), where he played a determined hockey coach, showcased his ability to carry socially relevant and emotionally compelling narratives. His performance in My Name Is Khan (2010), addressing themes of identity, prejudice and humanity, also received considerable appreciation.

Over the years, he entertained audiences through diverse films, including Om Shanti Om (2007), Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (2008), Don (2006), Chennai Express (2013), Happy New Year (2014), Raees (2017), Dear Zindagi (2016) and Fan (2016).

After a relatively quiet period following Zero (2018), Shah Rukh returned to the big screen in 2023 with a remarkable series of successes. Pathaan, Jawan and Dunki showcased different aspects of his screen persona and reaffirmed his position as one of the biggest commercial stars in Indian cinema. His performances in Pathaan and Jawan, in particular, generated tremendous excitement among audiences and achieved significant box-office success.

Family, Entrepreneurship and Global Recognition

Away from the spotlight, Shah Rukh Khan’s personal life has also remained a subject of public interest. He married Gauri Khan in 1991, and the couple has three children: Aryan, Suhana and AbRam. Gauri is an established interior designer and entrepreneur, while the family has often been admired for maintaining a close bond despite the demands of celebrity life.

Shah Rukh is also a successful entrepreneur. He co-founded Red Chillies Entertainment with Gauri Khan, a production company involved in film production and visual effects. He is also associated with the Kolkata Knight Riders, the Indian Premier League franchise that has developed a strong following among cricket enthusiasts.

His achievements have extended beyond the film industry. He has received numerous honours, including the Padma Shri in 2005, one of India’s highest civilian awards. His international recognition and contribution to cinema have also earned him prestigious honours in different countries. His global popularity is reflected in his enormous fan following across Asia, Europe, the Middle East and among the Indian diaspora.

His influence is not limited to entertainment. Through his philanthropic initiatives and support for social causes, he has contributed to areas such as healthcare, child welfare and women’s empowerment. His work has also received international recognition.

A Birthday Celebrated Across Generations

One of the most distinctive traditions associated with Shah Rukh Khan’s birthday is the gathering of fans outside his Mumbai residence, Mannat. Every year, admirers from different parts of the country and the world assemble outside his home, hoping to catch a glimpse of their favourite star. His birthday has become an occasion of celebration for millions, reflecting the extraordinary relationship he shares with his audience.

This year, his 61st birthday has brought another special treat for fans. The makers of his upcoming film King, directed by Siddharth Anand, released the song Tu Mil Jaaye, featuring Shah Rukh Khan and Deepika Padukone. The film is scheduled for a worldwide theatrical release on December 24, 2026.

As Shah Rukh Khan celebrates another year of his life, his journey stands as a reminder that success is not always determined by one’s beginnings but by the courage to pursue ambitions and the ability to keep reinventing oneself. From the television screens of the 1980s to becoming a global face of Indian cinema, he has experienced extraordinary highs, professional setbacks and remarkable comebacks.

More than his blockbuster films, awards or box-office records, what makes Shah Rukh Khan special is his ability to make audiences feel connected to the stories he tells. His signature open-arms pose, infectious smile, wit and unmistakable screen presence have become part of popular culture.

At 61, the superstar continues to command attention, inspire aspiring actors and entertain generations of cinema lovers. For an actor who once arrived in Mumbai with dreams and determination, the journey has been extraordinary. And as millions celebrate his birthday today, one thing remains certain: the story of Shah Rukh Khan continues to be one of Indian cinema’s most fascinating success stories.

ULC Dandiya Raas Celebrates 17 Years of Garba, Devotion and Community Spirit in Udaipur

By
Kanan Rathore
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0


With an estimated footfall of 45,000 to 50,000 over ten days, the 17th edition brought together traditional Garba, Bhajan Jamming and community celebrations, supported by over 50 volunteers and 40-plus sponsors.

Udaipur’s Navratri celebrations concluded on a vibrant note with the successful completion of ULC Dandiya Raas 2K26, which brought together thousands of people for ten days of music, dance, devotion and festive gatherings. Held from October 11 to 20 at The Lal Bagh Garden, the 17th edition of the event witnessed an estimated cumulative footfall of 45,000 to 50,000, reaffirming its place among the established Navratri celebrations of the city.

ULC Dandiya Raas Celebrates 17 Years of Garba, Devotion and Community Spirit in Udaipur

Over the years, ULC Dandiya Raas has developed into a familiar name in Udaipur’s festive calendar, bringing people together through traditional Garba and Dandiya. The 2026 edition continued this journey with a programme that combined cultural performances, devotional music and opportunities for community participation.

A Journey of 17 Years

The journey of ULC Dandiya Raas began in 2010 with the vision of bringing a grand Dandiya celebration to Udaipur. Founded by Dr. Gaurav Kumawat, along with Upesh Bhatt, Rohan Sharma and Shivani Singh Rao, and the team joining along, the event has continued to grow through the efforts of its organising team and the support of the people associated with it.

“ULC was founded in 2010. I started with my partner Upesh Bhatt, who was also my student, to bring a grand Dandiya event to Udaipur, and we continued since then, associating with people across.”

– Dr. Gaurav Kumawat, Founder and Assistant Professor, Manipal University Jaipur

What began as an initiative to organise a large-scale Dandiya celebration has evolved into a multi-day gathering that brings together performers, sponsors, volunteers, families and young participants. Its 17th edition continued that tradition, with the city witnessing enthusiastic participation throughout the festive period.

ULC Dandiya Raas Celebrates 17 Years of Garba, Devotion and Community Spirit in Udaipur

Traditional Garba and Devotional Celebrations

Music and dance remained at the heart of ULC Dandiya Raas 2K26. Among the highlights were traditional Mandali Garba and Bhajan Jamming, offering participants different ways to engage with the festive spirit of Navratri.

ULC Dandiya Raas Celebrates 17 Years of Garba, Devotion and Community Spirit in Udaipur

Mandali Garba brought the traditional rhythms and collective energy of the dance form to the celebrations, while Bhajan Jamming added a devotional dimension to the programme. Another distinctive feature of ULC has been its annual inclusion of the Hanuman Chalisa and other religious chants from the stage, a practice that has continued over the years.

Navratri is celebrated across India through prayers, rituals, music and community gatherings. In Rajasthan and Gujarat, Garba and Dandiya hold a special place in the festivities, bringing together cultural traditions and devotion. By incorporating devotional chants alongside music and dance, ULC has retained this spiritual aspect within its larger celebration.

ULC Dandiya Raas Celebrates 17 Years of Garba, Devotion and Community Spirit in Udaipur

The People Behind the Celebration

A public event that runs for ten days and attracts thousands of visitors requires considerable planning and coordination. The 2026 edition was supported by a team of more than 50 volunteers who contributed to various aspects of the event, working alongside the founders and organising team.

Their efforts played an important role in managing the arrangements and ensuring the smooth execution of the celebrations.

“Our sahayogis, the volunteers and team members, make the event grand by managing everything.”

– Arushi Kavdia



The contribution of the wider team reflects the collaborative effort behind ULC, where volunteers, organisers and other associates work together to bring the celebration to life.

ULC Dandiya Raas Celebrates 17 Years of Garba, Devotion and Community Spirit in Udaipur

Over 40 Sponsors and Partners Support the Event

The 17th edition also received support from more than 40 sponsors and partners representing different sectors, including education, banking, hospitality, food and beverages, retail and event services.

The organisers highlighted the addition of new sponsors as one of the encouraging developments this year. Several businesses also approached the team during the event to associate themselves with the celebration, reflecting the growing network of people and organisations connected with ULC.

ULC Dandiya Raas Celebrates 17 Years of Garba, Devotion and Community Spirit in Udaipur

For the organising team, these associations extend beyond sponsorships and form part of the larger community that has supported the event over the years.

QUOTE BOX 3 | Shivani Singh Rao, Educational Consultant, ULC Dandiya Raas

“ULC was our passion project and now it’s one big family. We love people being associated with ULC as family, through sponsors, volunteers, the back-end team, stall owners, attendees and just eveRYone. We hope This association continues always and with the same love.”

– Shivani Singh Rao


Looking Ahead to ULC 2027

As the celebrations came to a close, the 17th edition added another chapter to ULC Dandiya Raas’s journey in Udaipur. The event’s continued presence over the years reflects the enthusiasm surrounding organised Navratri celebrations and the importance of community participation in keeping festive traditions alive.

ULC Dandiya Raas Celebrates 17 Years of Garba, Devotion and Community Spirit in Udaipur

For the organisers, the love and support received from the people of Udaipur remain an important part of the journey and a motivation to continue the celebration in the coming years.

“Thanks to the people of Udaipur for giving us so much love. We hope to see you all again at ULC 2027.”

– Rohan Sharma


With its 17th edition now concluded, ULC Dandiya Raas looks towards another year of music, tradition and togetherness. Supported by its organising team, volunteers, sponsors and thousands of attendees, the event continues to be an established part of Udaipur’s Navratri celebrations.


Navrang Navratri Brings the Authentic Spirit of Gujarati Garba to Udaipur

By
Kanan Rathore
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Udaipur’s festive season witnessed a vibrant celebration of Gujarati culture as Navrang Navratri 2026 concluded after ten days of traditional Garba, music and devotion at Fatehbagh Garden. Held from October 10 to 20, the festival returned for its second edition, attracting an estimated 1,500 to 1,800 visitors daily. With its focus on authentic Gujarati Garba, traditional decor and cultural participation, Navrang offered an experience rooted in the traditional spirit of Navratri.

Navrang Navratri Brings the Authentic Spirit of Gujarati Garba to Udaipur

The festival began in 2025 when a group of friends associated with event management came together with the idea of introducing authentic Gujarati Garba to Udaipur. Their vision was to create a grand celebration while retaining the cultural and devotional essence of the dance form, rather than turning it into a DJ-driven or contemporary fusion event.

“Navrang was started by US, a group of friends who wanted to bring something grand yet authentic and traditional for Navratri to Udaipur.”

– Nisha (Navrang Navratri organizing team)

Traditional decor remained one of the defining features of Navrang. Hand-painted elements, bamboo, laccha, moli, swastik motifs, traditional lamps, lighting and pardahs came together to create an ambience inspired by Gujarati festive aesthetics.

Navrang Navratri Brings the Authentic Spirit of Gujarati Garba to Udaipur

At the heart of the celebration was Mandli Garba, performed to the rhythmic beats of the dhol and shehnai. What distinguished this year’s edition was the organisers’ effort to familiarise audiences with this traditional form and encourage them to participate in it.

According to the organisers, one of the biggest achievements was sustaining audience participation even when the music shifted from high-energy DJ tracks to the more traditional rhythms of dhol and shehnai. Many attendees were initially unfamiliar with Mandli Garba, but the organisers made a conscious effort to teach participants the steps and help them perform the dance form correctly. The response exceeded their expectations, with large crowds continuing to participate in the traditional format.

Navrang Navratri Brings the Authentic Spirit of Gujarati Garba to Udaipur

Learning Garba Through Raas Rasiya

Adding another dimension to the celebrations was the collaboration with Raas Rasiya, which organised a Garba workshop ahead of Navratri. The workshop introduced participants to authentic Gujarati Garba forms, including Dodhiya, Do Taali and Teen Taali.

“We brought an authentic Gujarati Garba workshop to Udaipur for the first time, and more than 200 people joined us. We taught traditional forms such as Dodhiya, Do Taali and Teen Taali so that people could truly dance in devotion to Mata.”

– Nimisha Bhati ( Raas Rasiya Team)

The collaboration also provided participants with a platform to practise and perform the forms they had learnt during Navrang’s celebrations, connecting cultural learning with the festive experience.

Navrang Navratri Brings the Authentic Spirit of Gujarati Garba to Udaipur

For the organising team, Navrang is an effort to preserve and share the traditional character of Gujarati Garba while creating a memorable community

With its second edition concluded, Navrang Navratri has furthered its vision of bringing traditional Gujarati Garba to Udaipur. Through its emphasis on authentic music, cultural learning and collective participation, the festival offered a celebration that went beyond dancing, introducing audiences to the traditions and spirit behind Garba.

Navrang Navratri Brings the Authentic Spirit of Gujarati Garba to Udaipur

‘Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Has the Potential to Transform Payment Systems’

By
Kanan Rathore
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Ratnesh Kumar Singhai, Regional Manager (AGM) and Head of Ratlam and Jhabua Districts, State Bank of India, discusses the future of digital currency, financial security, digital banking, financial inclusion and the importance of developing a culture of savings among young Indians.

India’s financial ecosystem is undergoing a significant transformation with the growing adoption of digital banking and payment technologies. Among the emerging developments, Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), popularly known as the Digital Rupee, holds considerable potential to reshape the way financial transactions are conducted. As a digital form of the Indian Rupee issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), CBDC introduces a new dimension to the country’s evolving digital payment landscape.

In a conversation with Radio Vibes, Ratnesh Kumar Singhai, Regional Manager (AGM) and Head of Ratlam and Jhabua Districts, State Bank of India (SBI), shared his perspective on the potential of CBDC, the future of digital payments, cybersecurity, financial inclusion and the importance of financial discipline, particularly among young people.

Q. What is Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), and how could it transform the existing payment system?

CBDC, or Central Bank Digital Currency, is essentially the digital form of our physical currency, the Indian Rupee. It is issued by the Reserve Bank of India and is popularly known as the Digital Rupee or e₹.

We are already familiar with digital payment platforms such as UPI, but CBDC introduces another dimension to the digital financial ecosystem. While UPI facilitates payments by transferring money between bank accounts, CBDC allows users to hold digital currency in a dedicated CBDC wallet, much like carrying physical cash in a wallet.

For instance, if I want to transfer ₹5 to you, I can transfer the digital currency directly through my CBDC wallet. The Digital Rupee is available in denominations corresponding to physical currency, with digital tokens representing monetary value.

I believe CBDC has the potential to transform payment systems. It could make transactions more efficient and introduce new possibilities in the way money is transferred and managed. It may also help address certain risks associated with conventional digital payment processes.

Q. Can CBDC help address the growing problem of cyber fraud and digital financial theft?

Definitely, I believe it has the potential to contribute to a more secure digital payment ecosystem. Today, one of the major concerns is the increasing number of cyber frauds involving fraudulent links, calls and requests for sensitive banking information.

With CBDC, transactions take place through digital wallets, offering a different mechanism for transferring currency. This could help reduce certain vulnerabilities associated with conventional digital payment processes.

However, customers must continue to follow safe digital banking practices. Technology alone cannot eliminate cybercrime. Individual awareness and caution remain equally important.

Q. Digital banking has made financial services more accessible, but cyber fraud remains a concern. What precautions should customers take?

The first and most important thing is never to share your PIN, CVV, banking password or other confidential information with anyone over a phone call.

Fraudsters often call customers pretending to be bank representatives and create urgency by claiming that their debit cards are about to expire or require an upgrade. Customers should remember that banks do not ask for confidential banking credentials over calls.

At SBI, we have introduced authenticated calling arrangements through designated 1600-series numbers. Customers should remain cautious about calls from unknown numbers and verify the caller’s authenticity before sharing any information.

They should also never click on suspicious links received through WhatsApp, SMS or other platforms. In particular, APK files shared through unknown sources can contain malicious programmes that may compromise their devices and banking information.

If a customer accidentally shares sensitive information or suspects fraud, they should immediately contact the bank’s customer care at 1800 1234, take necessary steps to block the affected card or banking access and report cyber fraud through the national helpline 1930.

Q. How is SBI making digital banking more accessible to senior citizens and people in rural areas?

Financial inclusion is an important priority. In the Ratlam and Jhabua districts, we have appointed more than 200 Customer Service Points (CSPs) to extend banking facilities to people in rural and underserved areas.

These centres provide several services, including account opening, passbook printing, nomination facilities and access to small loans. This helps customers access essential banking services without having to travel long distances to a bank branch.

We have also introduced the Jeevan Pramaan facility, through which pensioners can digitally submit their life certificates. This is particularly helpful for senior citizens who otherwise have to visit bank branches repeatedly for pension-related formalities.

Such initiatives are making banking more convenient and strengthening financial inclusion at the grassroots level.

Q. What role do schemes such as Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana play in India’s financial inclusion journey?

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, launched in 2014, has played a significant role in bringing people into the formal banking system. The scheme enabled individuals across rural and urban India to open basic bank accounts, including zero-balance accounts.

Over the years, these accounts have also become an important channel for accessing government welfare schemes and financial benefits. Facilities such as direct benefit transfers and access to schemes like Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana and Atal Pension Yojana have helped strengthen financial inclusion.

Such initiatives contribute to financial literacy, encourage savings and enable more people to participate in the formal economy. They also support India’s broader vision of becoming a developed nation by 2047.

Q. What would be your advice to young people, particularly Gen Z, who are beginning their financial journey?

My advice to young people is simple: the moment you start earning, develop the habit of saving.

I would recommend setting aside around 30 per cent of your income for savings, depending on your financial circumstances. Even if someone earns ₹15,000 a month, they can begin with a small investment of ₹500 or ₹1,000 through a Systematic Investment Plan (SIP).

The most important thing is to start early and remain consistent. Compounding is often described as the eighth wonder of the world because it allows investments to grow over time.

Young people should understand that financial discipline is not simply about how much they earn but also about how much they manage to save and invest.

Q. Many young investors make impulsive decisions based on stock market movements. What approach should they follow?

Investments should never be driven by short-term market movements or impulsive decisions. My advice is to always invest your surplus money and remain invested for the long term.

When I say long term, I mean a period of five, eight or even ten years. Investors should not panic over short-term fluctuations or withdraw their investments simply because the market experiences temporary movements.

Those beginning their investment journey can consider starting with relatively less volatile options, such as large-cap mutual funds, depending on their risk appetite. As their financial knowledge and understanding improve, they can explore other categories, keeping in mind that higher potential returns also come with higher risks.

The most important investment mantra is: Stay invested and think long term.

Q. What would you suggest to young people opening their first bank account?

For someone opening their first bank account, I would suggest making full use of the digital banking facilities available.

At SBI, customers can register for the YONO app and access several banking services digitally. Whether it is checking account balances, making transactions or managing other banking requirements, the app makes banking more convenient and reduces the need for frequent branch visits.

My second suggestion is to begin investing early. Even a small SIP of ₹100 per month can help develop the habit of investing. Once a person starts earning, they can gradually increase the amount according to their financial capacity.

The objective should be to develop financial discipline from an early age rather than waiting until one starts earning a substantial income.

As India continues to embrace digital financial services, CBDC represents an important step in the evolution of the country’s payment ecosystem. Alongside technological innovation, accessible banking services and financial inclusion, greater awareness of cybersecurity and responsible investment practices will remain essential. As Singhai emphasises, the future of banking will depend not only on technological advancements but also on informed customers, financial discipline and the ability to adapt to an increasingly digital economy.

“Public Trust Is the Foundation of Effective Policing”: DIG Nimish Agarwal on Modern Policing and Public Safety

By
Kanan Rathore
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Ratlam Range DIG discusses cybercrime, drug trafficking, road safety and building stronger police-public relations.

In a conversation with Radio Vibes 88.8 FM, Ratlam, Nimish Agarwal, IPS, Deputy Inspector General of Police, Ratlam Range, discusses emerging policing challenges, technology-led interventions and why building a safer society requires active citizen participation.

Q. What defines a good police officer: authority, sensitivity or public trust?

Nimish Agarwal: The police and the entire administrative system work for the people. Therefore, public trust is extremely important. Firm decisions are sometimes necessary, but sensitivity, leadership and the ability to inspire confidence among citizens are equally essential.

“People should consider the police their friends and approach us whenever they need help.”

– Nimish Agarwal, IPS | DIG, Ratlam Range

Q. You recently arranged hospital assistance for a road accident victim using your official vehicle. What prompted your action?

Nimish Agarwal: I acted simply as a citizen. The accident happened in front of me, and I felt responsible for ensuring that the injured person received medical assistance.

Road accidents remain a major concern. Nearly 200 people had died in road accidents in Ratlam district. Timely assistance during the golden hour can save lives. People should not hesitate to help accident victims out of fear of legal complications. Good Samaritans are protected under applicable provisions, and eligible individuals may also receive incentives under the relevant government scheme.

Q. How is technology changing policing in Ratlam Range?

Nimish Agarwal: The Kavach app enables real-time monitoring of police patrolling, particularly in residential areas where residents have raised concerns about police visibility at night. We are also digitising beat policing, allowing personnel to monitor their assigned areas and gather local information more systematically.

The initiative has improved police movement in several localities. However, technology alone cannot eliminate crime. Staff shortages and limited resources remain challenges, so our focus is on deploying available resources more effectively.

Q. Digital arrest scams and online fraud are becoming increasingly sophisticated. What should citizens remember?

Nimish Agarwal: People should think before clicking on links or downloading files received through messaging platforms. Suspicious applications and unrealistic online offers can be tools for fraud.

Digital arrest scams are particularly concerning because criminals impersonate police officers, judges and government officials, sometimes creating fake police stations and courtrooms during video calls. Citizens must understand that government agencies do not conduct arrests or court proceedings through threatening video calls. Never transfer money under pressure. Verify the claims and contact the police if fraud is suspected.

Families should also watch for unusual behaviour, such as prolonged secretive video calls or suspicious financial transactions, and intervene promptly.

Q. Ratlam-Mandsaur-Neemuch has long faced narcotics challenges. How is the police tackling synthetic drugs?

Nimish Agarwal: Some networks historically associated with opium and doda chura have shifted towards synthetic drugs, including MD and brown sugar. Clandestine manufacturing facilities and chemical supply chains make this a complex challenge.

Investigations have indicated that drugs manufactured in the region are supplied to markets including Mumbai, Indore, Kota, Udaipur and Delhi. We are tracing supply networks and coordinating with central and state enforcement agencies to identify and dismantle illegal operations.

However, enforcement must be accompanied by prevention. Families, schools and colleges should provide counselling and support to young people, particularly those facing peer pressure or stress. Young people struggling with addiction need rehabilitation, while those involved in supplying drugs must face appropriate legal action.

Q. What are the priorities for improving road safety and women’s security?

Nimish Agarwal: Our road safety strategy focuses on education, enforcement and engineering. We are identifying accident-prone routes, addressing dangerous crossings in coordination with the relevant authorities, checking drunk driving and educating commercial vehicle drivers. Fatigue and excessive speed are also serious concerns on highways, particularly during early morning hours.

Women’s safety requires equally prompt and sensitive intervention. Complaints must be handled seriously, investigated properly and monitored to ensure accountability. We also conduct awareness programmes on stalking, harassment, consent and online abuse. Creating fake profiles or misusing someone’s photographs and personal information to harass them can have serious legal consequences.

Q. What responsibility do citizens have in preventing fake news and inflammatory content?

Nimish Agarwal: Citizens must verify information before forwarding messages or videos, particularly content that promotes hostility on the basis of caste, religion or community. A single forward can reach thousands through repeated sharing. Refusing to circulate unverified or inflammatory content can break that chain and help maintain peace.

Q. What is your message to young people and the wider public?

Nimish Agarwal: People should consider the police their friends and approach us whenever they need help. We may not have a solution to every problem, but we will make every effort to assist within the law.

Young people must recognise their potential and use their energy constructively. Whether it is drugs, cybercrime or the temptation of easy money, shortcuts can have serious consequences. Hard work may take longer, but the values, discipline and character developed along the way remain valuable throughout life.

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