Rama Ekadashi 2026: Date, Vrat Timings, Rituals and Spiritual Significance

November 5, 2026, 12:10 PM

Rama Ekadashi, one of the significant fasting days in the Hindu calendar, will be observed on Thursday, November 5, 2026. Celebrated during the Krishna Paksha, or dark fortnight, of the Kartika month, the sacred Ekadashi is dedicated to Lord Vishnu and Goddess Lakshmi. Devotees observe the day through fasting, prayers and devotional activities, seeking spiritual growth, prosperity and peace.

The occasion falls four days before Diwali and holds special importance during the auspicious month of Kartika. The word ‘Rama’ in Rama Ekadashi refers to Goddess Lakshmi, who is also known as Rama. The day is therefore associated with the worship of both Lord Vishnu and his consort, Goddess Lakshmi.

Date and Auspicious Timings

According to the Hindu lunar calendar, the Ekadashi Tithi begins at 11:03 am on November 4 and concludes at 10:35 am on November 5. Since the Ekadashi Tithi prevails during the sunrise period on November 5, the vrat will be observed on Thursday.

The fast will be concluded on Friday, November 6, during the Dwadashi Tithi. The Parana, or the ritual of breaking the fast, is scheduled between 6:37 am and 8:48 am. Devotees traditionally break their fast during the prescribed morning period, after considering the Hari Vasara, an auspicious period associated with the Ekadashi observance.

Religious and Spiritual Significance

Rama Ekadashi holds an important place in Hindu religious traditions. According to Hindu beliefs, observing the fast with devotion helps cleanse past sins, purify the mind and encourage a disciplined spiritual life. Devotees believe that prayers offered to Lord Vishnu and Goddess Lakshmi on this day bring blessings of prosperity, happiness and well-being.

The observance also emphasises the importance of self-control, compassion and devotion. Fasting is considered a means of directing attention away from material desires towards spiritual reflection. For many devotees, the occasion provides an opportunity to strengthen their faith and seek divine blessings for their families.

Rituals and Fasting Traditions

The observance of Rama Ekadashi generally begins with preparations on Dashami, the tenth day of the lunar fortnight. Devotees traditionally consume simple, sattvic food and avoid certain ingredients as part of their preparation for the fast.

On Ekadashi morning, devotees take a ritual bath and offer prayers to Lord Vishnu and Goddess Lakshmi. A lamp filled with ghee or oil is lit, while fresh flowers, fruits, incense and Tulsi leaves are offered during the worship. Tulsi holds particular importance in Vaishnav traditions and is considered especially dear to Lord Vishnu.

Fasting is one of the central practices of the day. Depending on their health, personal beliefs and capacity, devotees may observe a strict waterless fast, consume fruits and milk, or follow a simple fasting diet. Grains, rice and beans are generally avoided. Devotees also spend the day chanting Vishnu mantras, reciting the Vishnu Sahasranama and reading religious scriptures.

Charity and acts of kindness are also encouraged. Offering food, clothes and other essentials to those in need is considered a meaningful way of observing the occasion.

Rama Ekadashi Vrat Katha

The traditional Rama Ekadashi Vrat Katha is associated with King Muchukunda and his daughter Chandrabhaga. According to the legend, Chandrabhaga was deeply devoted to Lord Vishnu and observed Ekadashi fasts with sincerity. Her husband, Prince Shobhan, once stayed at her father’s kingdom during Rama Ekadashi. Although physically weak, he decided to observe the fast. However, he could not withstand its demands and passed away.

It is believed that his observance earned him a divine abode, although it lacked permanence. Through the merit of her devotion and observance of Rama Ekadashi, Chandrabhaga later helped restore his prosperity and happiness. The story highlights the religious belief in the spiritual merit of sincere devotion and fasting.

Breaking the Fast

The fast is traditionally concluded on Dwadashi, the twelfth day of the lunar fortnight. On November 6, devotees can perform Parana between 6:37 am and 8:48 am. The fast should be broken according to the prescribed timing, after the Hari Vasara period has ended.

Rama Ekadashi is not merely an occasion of fasting but also a reminder of devotion, discipline, charity and inner purification. Through prayers and acts of compassion, the observance encourages devotees to cultivate spiritual awareness and seek a balance between material responsibilities and religious faith.

World Tsunami Awareness Day: Promoting Preparedness Against One of Nature’s Deadliest Disasters

Kanan Rathore

November 4, 2026, 6:50 PM

Every year on November 5, the world observes World Tsunami Awareness Day to highlight the dangers posed by tsunamis and promote measures to reduce their devastating impact. Established by the United Nations in 2015, the observance encourages countries and communities, particularly those living in coastal regions, to strengthen disaster preparedness, improve early warning systems and build resilience against natural hazards.

Tsunamis are among the most destructive natural disasters, capable of causing widespread loss of life, destroying infrastructure and displacing entire communities within minutes. Although relatively rare, their consequences can extend across oceans and affect countries thousands of kilometres away from the source of the disturbance.

Understanding Tsunamis

A tsunami is a series of powerful ocean waves generally triggered by sudden disturbances beneath or near the ocean floor. Underwater earthquakes are the most common cause, although volcanic eruptions, submarine landslides and, in rare cases, meteorite impacts can also generate tsunamis.

Unlike ordinary sea waves, which are primarily driven by wind, tsunami waves involve the movement of enormous volumes of water across the ocean. In deep waters, they may travel at speeds comparable to commercial aircraft, often with relatively small wave heights that make them difficult to detect.

As they approach shallow coastal waters, their speed decreases while their height can increase considerably. The resulting waves can flood coastal settlements, damage buildings, destroy roads and ports and sweep away people and vehicles.

Why Is November 5 Observed?

World Tsunami Awareness Day was established by the United Nations General Assembly in December 2015, following a proposal by Japan, a country with extensive experience of tsunami disasters.

The date commemorates the story of ‘Inamura-no-hi’, or the burning of rice sheaves, associated with the 1854 Ansei Nankai earthquake and tsunami in Japan. According to the account, a Japanese farmer named Hamaguchi Goryo noticed signs of an approaching tsunami and set fire to harvested rice sheaves on higher ground to alert villagers. His actions helped guide people towards safety.

The story represents the importance of recognising warning signs, acting quickly and prioritising community awareness during emergencies.

Lessons from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

One of the most devastating tsunami disasters in modern history occurred on December 26, 2004, when a powerful undersea earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, triggered massive waves across the Indian Ocean.

The disaster affected several countries, including Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand and the Maldives, killing more than 230,000 people. Coastal communities suffered extensive destruction, while millions were affected by the loss of homes, livelihoods and essential infrastructure.

India’s Andaman and Nicobar Islands and coastal states, particularly Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, experienced severe damage. The disaster exposed major gaps in regional tsunami detection and warning systems and highlighted the need for stronger international cooperation.

Following the tragedy, the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System was developed under the coordination of UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission.

The Importance of Early Warning Systems

Early warning systems play a crucial role in reducing the impact of tsunamis. They combine seismic monitoring, ocean observation instruments, communication networks and emergency response mechanisms to detect potential threats and alert vulnerable communities.

The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), based in Hyderabad, operates India’s tsunami early warning system. It monitors seismic activity and ocean conditions and provides tsunami advisories to relevant authorities.

However, technology alone cannot prevent casualties. Effective communication, evacuation planning, public awareness and regular disaster management exercises are equally important.

How Can Communities Stay Safe?

Recognising natural warning signs can save lives. A strong or prolonged earthquake near the coast, an unusual and sudden withdrawal of seawater or a loud roaring sound from the ocean may indicate an approaching tsunami.

People in coastal areas should immediately move to higher ground or inland if they observe these signs, without waiting for an official warning. They should follow evacuation routes, listen to instructions from authorities and avoid returning to affected areas until officials declare them safe.

Preparedness also involves developing community evacuation plans, conducting awareness programmes in schools and ensuring that emergency alerts reach vulnerable populations.

Building a Tsunami-Resilient Future

World Tsunami Awareness Day serves as a reminder that disaster preparedness must remain a continuous priority. Climate change, coastal urbanisation and growing populations in vulnerable regions make disaster risk reduction increasingly important, even though climate change is not itself a direct cause of tsunamis.

Through scientific research, effective warning systems, international cooperation and informed communities, the loss of life and destruction caused by tsunamis can be significantly reduced.

The observance ultimately reinforces a simple but vital message: awareness, timely action and preparedness can make the difference between life and death when disaster strikes.

US Midterm Elections 2026: Democrats Take Control of Congress in Major Setback for Trump

Kanan Rathore

November 4, 2026, 6:40 PM

The 2026 United States midterm elections have delivered a major political setback to President Donald Trump and the Republican Party, with Democrats making significant gains and securing control of both chambers of Congress. The results, announced on November 3 and 4, mark a shift in the country’s political landscape and could significantly influence the remaining two years of Trump’s second presidential term.

The Democratic victories extended across several traditionally competitive states, with the party defeating Republican incumbents in key Senate races and gaining seats in the House of Representatives. Several gubernatorial contests also produced notable outcomes, including a historic victory in Ohio, where Democrat Amy Acton defeated Trump-backed Republican candidate Vivek Ramaswamy.

Democrats Secure Congressional Majority

The most significant outcome of the elections was the Democrats’ success in regaining control of Congress. According to reported results, Democrats secured at least 54 seats in the 100-member Senate, including two independents who caucus with the party, while Republicans held 44 seats. Some contests were still awaiting final results.

In the House of Representatives, Democrats crossed the 218-seat threshold required for a majority, with 228 seats reported against 139 for Republicans as counting continued.

The Senate victories included important Republican-held seats in Texas, Iowa, Kansas, Ohio, Maine, North Carolina and South Carolina. In Kansas, Democrat Adam Hamilton defeated Republican incumbent Roger Marshall, marking the first Democratic victory in a Kansas Senate race since 1932. In Texas, James Talarico defeated Republican Senator John Cornyn, while former Democratic senator Sherrod Brown reclaimed his Ohio seat by defeating Republican Jon Husted.

The results give Democrats greater influence over legislation, government spending, congressional investigations and oversight of the Trump administration.

Amy Acton Defeats Vivek Ramaswamy in Ohio

One of the most closely watched gubernatorial contests was in Ohio, where Democrat Amy Acton defeated Republican Vivek Ramaswamy to become the state’s first woman governor.

Acton, a physician who previously served as Ohio’s health director during the COVID-19 pandemic, campaigned on healthcare access, affordability and support for working families. Ramaswamy, an entrepreneur and former Republican presidential candidate, received Trump’s endorsement and campaigned on economic growth, tax reductions and public safety.

Acton’s victory is particularly significant because Ohio has increasingly leaned towards Republicans in recent presidential elections, including its support for Trump in 2024. Her win ends 16 years of Republican control of the state’s governorship and represents a major Democratic breakthrough.

Democrats Make Gains in Gubernatorial Races

The Democratic gains were also visible in state-level elections. In Georgia, former Atlanta mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms won the governorship, becoming the first Black woman elected governor in the United States.

Democrat Gina Hinojosa secured victory in Texas, becoming the state’s first Latina governor. In New Mexico, former US Interior Secretary Deb Haaland made history as the first Native American woman elected governor. David Crowley won in Wisconsin, becoming the state’s first Black governor, while Rob Sand secured victory in Iowa.

Democrats also registered victories in Nevada, where Aaron Ford defeated incumbent Republican governor Joe Lombardo, and Michigan, where Jocelyn Benson won the gubernatorial race.

Why Did Republicans Lose Ground?

Economic concerns, particularly inflation and the rising cost of living, emerged as important issues influencing voter sentiment. Healthcare, immigration, tariffs and the administration’s broader policy direction also featured prominently during the campaign.

The midterm elections traditionally serve as a referendum on the performance of the incumbent President. The party controlling the White House frequently faces electoral losses as voters use the opportunity to express dissatisfaction with the administration.

Trump actively campaigned for Republican candidates and urged voters to support his party. However, several candidates backed by him suffered defeats, suggesting that his endorsement was not enough to secure victories in key battlegrounds.

Trump’s Reaction and the Road Ahead

Responding to the results, Trump congratulated Democrats on their victories but rejected the suggestion that the outcome represented a personal setback. In comments reported by Fox News, he maintained that his first two years in office had been highly successful and suggested that Republican candidates had struggled to inspire voters.

The Democratic majority in Congress is expected to make the remainder of Trump’s presidency more challenging. The party will have greater control over congressional committees, legislative priorities, budget negotiations and investigations into administration policies.

The newly elected Congress is scheduled to convene on January 3, 2027. Democratic House leader Hakeem Jeffries is expected to emerge as a leading contender for the position of Speaker of the House.

The 2026 midterm elections have therefore reshaped the balance of power in Washington. For Democrats, the victory presents an opportunity to challenge the administration and advance their priorities. For Trump and the Republicans, it signals a difficult political phase ahead, with the results also likely to influence preparations for the 2028 presidential election.

Sitaphal of Mewar: A Seasonal Fruit Rooted in Tradition and Local Livelihoods

Kanan Rathore

November 4, 2026, 4:39 PM

Every winter, sitaphal, commonly known as custard apple (Annona squamosa), finds its way into homes across Rajasthan. With its sweet taste and creamy texture, the fruit is a seasonal favourite. In Mewar, however, sitaphal represents much more than a winter delicacy. It is closely connected with the region’s natural landscape, traditional food culture and the livelihoods of local communities.

The Aravalli belt surrounding Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Rajsamand, Bhilwara, Banswara and Dungarpur is known for its natural growth of sitaphal. The region’s semi-arid climate and surrounding terrain provide favourable conditions for the fruit. According to Kamlendra Singh Ranawat, who closely observes sitaphal cultivation in Mewar, flowering generally begins during the monsoon season, while the fruits mature towards winter.

A Fruit Shaped by Mewar’s Landscape

Sitaphal is relatively low-maintenance when grown in suitable conditions. It generally requires limited irrigation and fertilisers, making it a suitable fruit for certain semi-arid landscapes. However, cultivation comes with its own challenges. Birds can damage the crop, while the fruit’s delicate nature and short shelf life make harvesting, storage and transportation difficult.

For generations, sitaphal has also supported small-scale seasonal livelihoods in the region. Tribal women and children have traditionally sold freshly harvested fruits along highways and in local markets, offering them to travellers and residents at modest prices. These familiar roadside stalls remain part of Mewar’s winter landscape.

Over time, the fruit has also found a place beyond traditional markets. Its growing popularity as a flavour in ice creams, custards and other desserts has introduced it to a wider range of consumers. This expanding culinary appeal presents opportunities for local produce to reach new markets and gain greater commercial recognition.

Traditional Ways of Ripening and Enjoying Sitaphal

In many households across Mewar, ripening sitaphal at home is a familiar seasonal practice. Unripe fruits are traditionally placed in a covered container with wheat grains, hay or newspaper to encourage ripening. Depending on their maturity and surrounding conditions, they may become ready to eat within a day or two.

A ripe sitaphal generally feels slightly soft when pressed gently, with its pulp developing a creamy consistency. Excessive softness, however, may indicate that the fruit has started deteriorating. Once ripe, it is commonly enjoyed fresh, with its naturally sweet pulp making it a popular winter treat.

Preserving the Roots While Embracing New Possibilities

While sitaphal continues to gain popularity through modern food preparations, preserving its regional identity remains equally important. Dr Mahendra Pal Singh Ranawat, former professor of botany, emphasises the importance of understanding the origins and cultural associations of traditional fruits.

He believes that the growing popularity of new flavours and food creations should not distance consumers from the agricultural and cultural roots of the produce they enjoy.

As he puts it,

“We must not forget the roots of our fruits, their origins, history and connection with society. While enjoying sitaphal through new flavours and modern creations, we must preserve the essence of where it comes from.”

From the Aravalli landscapes and roadside markets of Mewar to contemporary kitchens and dessert menus, sitaphal continues to evolve while retaining its regional character. Its journey reflects how traditional produce can find new opportunities through changing consumer preferences without losing its connection with local communities, landscapes and food traditions.

What to Eat for Younger-Looking Skin: 3 Types of Foods That May Help Reduce Wrinkles and Boost Collagen

EBNW Story

November 4, 2026, 10:30 AM

Foods for Younger-Looking Skin: 3 Diet Choices That May Help Reduce Wrinkles and Boost Collagen

Eating the right foods can play an important role in maintaining healthy, youthful-looking skin. From colourful fruits and vegetables to nuts, seeds and fermented foods, certain dietary choices provide essential nutrients that may help protect skin cells, support collagen production and reduce visible signs of ageing.

Skin is the body’s largest organ and serves as its first line of defence against external environmental factors. However, prolonged exposure to sunlight, air pollution, rising temperatures and the natural ageing process can gradually affect skin health. One of the major changes associated with ageing is the gradual loss of collagen, a protein responsible for maintaining skin structure, firmness and elasticity. As collagen levels decline, wrinkles and fine lines become more noticeable.

While skincare products and sunscreen remain important, research suggests that diet is another factor worth considering when it comes to maintaining healthy skin.

Here are three types of foods that may help support skin health and promote a younger-looking appearance.

1. Colourful Fruits and Vegetables: Rich Sources of Antioxidants

Colourful fruits and vegetables are among the most beneficial foods for healthy skin. They contain antioxidants that help protect skin cells against damage caused by environmental factors, including pollution and sunlight. Carrots, tomatoes and bell peppers are rich in carotenoids such as beta-carotene, lutein and lycopene. These plant compounds may help protect the skin against UV-related damage. According to food chemistry researchers, carotenoids accumulate in body tissues and contribute to the skin’s natural defence mechanisms.

Beta-carotene is also converted into vitamin A, which supports skin-cell growth and helps maintain the skin’s protective barrier. Adding a small quantity of healthy fat, such as olive oil, to tomatoes and carrots can improve the body’s absorption of these fat-soluble nutrients. Can mangoes help reduce wrinkles?

Mangoes are another fruit that may support younger-looking skin. They contain carotenoids, vitamin C and other antioxidant compounds. A study conducted by researchers at the University of California, Davis, examined the effects of regular mango consumption among post-menopausal women. Participants who consumed 85 grams of mango four times a week for 16 weeks showed a reduction in the size of existing wrinkles.

However, the study also found that consuming larger quantities, around 250 grams daily, was associated with increased wrinkles. Researchers suggested that the fruit’s natural sugar content might be a contributing factor, although further research is needed. Vitamin C, found in mangoes and citrus fruits, is particularly important for collagen production. It also acts as an antioxidant and may help improve skin hydration and reduce pigmentation.

2. Nuts, Seeds and Healthy Fats: Support Skin Hydration and Elasticity

Healthy fats are another important component of a skin-friendly diet. Nuts and seeds provide vitamin E, essential fatty acids and other nutrients that help maintain the skin’s protective barrier. Almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, pine nuts and seeds are good dietary choices.

Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect skin cells from oxidative damage. Adequate vitamin E intake is also important for normal wound healing and overall skin health. A small randomised controlled study found that women who consumed almonds as a daily snack for 16 weeks experienced fewer visible wrinkles than participants who consumed a different snack. Nuts also contain omega-6 fatty acids, which contribute to maintaining the skin barrier and preventing excessive moisture loss.

Why are omega-3 fatty acids important for skin? Omega-3 fatty acids, found in oily fish and certain algae, may also benefit skin health. Salmon, sardines and mackerel are good sources of omega-3 fats. Research suggests that these nutrients may help reduce inflammation and support the skin’s natural protective functions. Including healthy fats in a balanced diet can therefore contribute to maintaining skin hydration and overall skin health.

3. Fermented Foods and Gut-Friendly Diet: The Gut-Skin Connection

Gut health is increasingly recognised as an important factor in maintaining healthy skin. Researchers describe the relationship between the gut microbiome and skin health as the ‘gut-skin axis’. A diverse gut microbiome helps regulate immune responses and produces compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These processes may also influence skin health. Eating a varied diet containing fruits, vegetables, pulses, legumes, whole grains, herbs and spices can help support beneficial gut bacteria.

Fermented foods are another useful addition to a balanced diet. These include:

Yoghurt
Kimchi
Sauerkraut
Kombucha

Such foods can provide beneficial microorganisms or support gut microbial diversity, depending on the product. A healthy gut microbiome may also help regulate inflammation and support the body’s immune system, potentially benefiting people with certain skin conditions.

Can Your Diet Really Make Your Skin Look Younger?

Although no single food can reverse the ageing process, a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, healthy fats and fibre can help support skin health over time. Research suggests that regularly consuming nutrient-rich foods may help protect against environmental damage, support collagen production and maintain skin hydration. However, dietary changes take time. Some research indicates that measurable benefits from antioxidant-rich foods may take eight to ten weeks of consistent consumption. It is equally important to remember that nutrition alone cannot prevent skin ageing. Daily sunscreen use, adequate sleep, hydration and a healthy lifestyle remain essential.

The takeaway: Include colourful fruits and vegetables, nuts, seeds, oily fish and fermented foods in your regular diet. These simple dietary choices may help your skin stay healthier, more hydrated and youthful-looking as you age.

India Renews Call for UN Security Council Reform

Kanan Rathore

November 4, 2026, 10:22 AM

Established in 1945 in the aftermath of the Second World War, the United Nations (UN) was envisioned as a global institution that would prevent future wars, maintain international peace and promote cooperation among nations. Eight decades later, however, the organisation faces growing questions over its effectiveness, representation and ability to respond to an increasingly complex international order. India’s renewed demand for reform of the UN Security Council has once again brought these concerns into focus.

At the centre of the debate is the Security Council, the UN’s principal body responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It comprises 15 members, including five permanent members, the United States, Russia, China, the United Kingdom and France, and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms. The five permanent members enjoy veto power, allowing any one of them to block substantive resolutions regardless of the level of support among other members.

This arrangement, established at the end of the Second World War, continues to shape global decision-making. However, the geopolitical landscape has changed considerably since 1945. The emergence of new economic powers, shifting alliances and the growing influence of developing countries have transformed international relations, while the Council’s composition has remained largely unchanged. Its divisions over conflicts such as Ukraine and Gaza have further exposed the difficulties of achieving collective action when the interests of powerful nations collide.

India brought these concerns to the forefront on October 22, 2026, when its Permanent Representative to the UN, Ambassador Harish Parvathaneni, called for urgent reform during a debate at the UN General Assembly on equitable representation and expansion of the Security Council. He argued that the realities of 1945 should no longer determine the structure of an institution expected to address the challenges of the present.

“The authority derived from a victory eight decades ago cannot compensate for the deficit in legitimacy of an unrepresentative Security Council today.”
– Ambassador Harish Parvathaneni, Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations,

India’s position is rooted in its longstanding demand for expansion of both permanent and non-permanent membership. It has consistently argued that developing nations, particularly from Asia, Africa and Latin America, deserve a greater role in decisions affecting international peace and security. Ambassador Parvathaneni also highlighted the historical imbalance in representation, pointing out that the Asia-Pacific region, which accounts for more than 60 per cent of the world’s population, continues to have limited representation in the permanent membership of the Council.

India has also emphasised its historical contribution to the international order. During the Second World War, around 2.5 million Indians participated in the war, with approximately 90,000 losing their lives in military service. The country has since remained an active contributor to UN peacekeeping operations and multilateral initiatives. Its demand for a greater role in the Council is therefore closely linked to the question of whether contemporary global institutions adequately recognise the contributions and interests of their member nations.

The growing relevance of platforms such as BRICS and the G20 also reflects the changing nature of global cooperation. These groupings have emerged as important forums for economic coordination and geopolitical dialogue, giving developing and emerging economies greater opportunities to influence international discussions. However, they cannot replace the UN’s universal membership, peacekeeping responsibilities or humanitarian mandate.

Despite its institutional limitations, the UN continues to play an important role in humanitarian assistance, refugee support, international development and peacekeeping. Its relevance is not in question as much as its ability to fulfil its responsibilities within an outdated decision-making structure. Reforming the Security Council is therefore not simply about increasing membership but also about strengthening its accountability, transparency and capacity to respond to global crises.

The debate ultimately raises a larger question about the future of multilateralism. Can an institution created to represent the international community continue to command legitimacy when a significant part of that community remains underrepresented in its most powerful decision-making body?

For India and many other countries, Security Council reform is no longer merely an institutional demand but a question of fairness, representation and credibility. The world has moved far beyond the geopolitical circumstances of 1945, and its global institutions must evolve accordingly. The choice is not between preserving the United Nations and abandoning it, but between meaningful reform and continued stagnation. Without greater representation and the political will to act collectively, the organisation risks losing the confidence of the very nations it was established to serve.

Voyager 1 Nears One Light-Day from Earth: A Historic Milestone in Space Exploration

EBNW Story

November 3, 2026, 10:03 PM

NASA’s Voyager 1 spacecraft is approaching a historic milestone in space exploration. On 18 November 2026, at approximately 10:16 UTC, Voyager 1 is projected to become the first human-made object to travel one light-day away from Earth. At that point, the spacecraft will be approximately 25.902 billion kilometres (16.094 billion miles) from our planet.

This achievement will highlight the extraordinary journey of Voyager 1, which has been exploring interstellar space since becoming the first spacecraft to cross the heliopause in 2012.

Voyager 1: Key Highlights

Expected milestone: 18 November 2026.
Expected time: 10:16 UTC.
Distance from Earth: Approximately 25.902 billion km (16.094 billion miles).
Distance milestone: One light-day.
Launch date: 5 September 1977.
Current location: Interstellar space.
Speed: Approximately 61,000 km per hour.
Destination direction: Gliese 445 (AC+79 3888), in the constellation Ursa Minor.
Space agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

What Does One Light-Day Mean?

A light-day is the distance travelled by light in one day through a vacuum. Since light travels at approximately 299,792 kilometres per second, one light-day equals about 25.9 billion kilometres. Voyager 1 reaching this distance means that its radio signals will require approximately 24 hours to travel from the spacecraft to Earth. As a result, communication with Voyager 1 involves a considerable delay. A command sent from Earth takes nearly 24 hours to reach the spacecraft, while the response requires another 24 hours. Therefore, a complete communication cycle takes approximately two days.

Voyager 1’s Distance and Communication Delay

As of 3 November 2026, Voyager 1 was approximately 25.86 billion kilometres away from Earth. Its radio signal required around 23 hours, 57 minutes and 49 seconds to reach Earth. This long communication delay presents significant challenges for NASA engineers, who must plan spacecraft operations carefully and cannot control the spacecraft in real time.

Recent Communication Problem in October 2026

In October 2026, NASA temporarily lost contact with Voyager 1 after the Deep Space Network failed to detect its signal during scheduled communication attempts The communication interruption lasted approximately 48 hours, but contact was successfully restored on 20 October 2026. Engineers at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) traced the problem to a group of thrusters that had gone offline.

The spacecraft’s backup thrusters took over, triggering its fault protection system. This system is designed to protect the spacecraft when unexpected technical problems occur. NASA is also switching off power-hungry heating devices to conserve electricity and extend the operational life of Voyager 1.

Voyager 1 Mission: An Overview

Voyager 1 was launched by NASA on 5 September 1977 as part of the Voyager programme. Initially designed to explore the outer planets of the Solar System, the spacecraft conducted important observations of Jupiter and Saturn before continuing its journey towards interstellar space. On 25 August 2012, Voyager 1 crossed the heliopause, the boundary separating the Sun’s heliosphere from interstellar space. It became the first spacecraft to enter interstellar space. Despite operating for nearly five decades, Voyager 1 continues to transmit scientific information to Earth.

Why Did Voyager 1 Visit Titan Instead of Pluto?

One important historical decision in Voyager 1’s mission involved its trajectory. NASA prioritised a close encounter with Saturn’s moon Titan rather than continuing towards Pluto. The main reason was that scientists already knew Titan possessed a substantial atmosphere. Studying Titan’s atmosphere was considered scientifically valuable, making the encounter a priority. The selected trajectory allowed Voyager 1 to conduct its Titan flyby but changed its path so that it could not continue towards Pluto.

How Does Voyager 1 Generate Electricity?

Voyager 1 operates using Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs). These generators convert heat produced by the radioactive decay of plutonium-238 into electrical energy. However, the spacecraft’s available electrical power decreases over time due to two factors:

The radioactive fuel gradually decays.
The thermocouples inside the RTGs degrade over time.

To conserve electricity, NASA engineers periodically switch off non-essential instruments and heating systems. These power-management measures help extend the spacecraft’s operational lifetime.

Voyager 1’s Data Storage System

Voyager 1 uses a digital tape recorder to store scientific information when communication with Earth is unavailable. Its data storage capacity is approximately 64 megabytes. The stored information can subsequently be transmitted to Earth when communication is restored. This system is particularly important because Voyager 1 operates at an enormous distance from Earth, where communication interruptions and transmission delays create operational challenges.

Voyager 2: When Will It Reach One Light-Day?

Voyager 1’s twin spacecraft, Voyager 2, is also travelling through interstellar space. However, Voyager 2 is significantly closer to Earth than Voyager 1. It is expected to reach the one-light-day distance milestone in November 2035. Both spacecraft continue to provide valuable scientific information about the outer Solar System and interstellar space.

Important Facts About Voyager 1

Question	Answer
Which space agency launched Voyager 1?	NASA
When was Voyager 1 launched?	5 September 1977
When will Voyager 1 reach one light-day from Earth?	18 November 2026 (projected)
What is one light-day?	Distance travelled by light in 24 hours
What is the approximate distance of one light-day?	25.9 billion km
When did Voyager 1 enter interstellar space?	25 August 2012
What boundary did Voyager 1 cross?	Heliopause
Which planet’s moon influenced its trajectory?	Titan (moon of Saturn)
Why was Titan selected?	Its substantial atmosphere
Which technology powers Voyager 1?	Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG)
Which radioactive material is used in its RTGs?	Plutonium-238
What is Voyager 1’s approximate speed?	61,000 km/h
What is its digital tape recorder capacity?	Approximately 64 MB
Which constellation contains Gliese 445?	Ursa Minor
When is Voyager 2 expected to reach one light-day?	November 2035

Significance of Voyager 1’s Achievement

Voyager 1 reaching one light-day from Earth represents an extraordinary achievement in human space exploration. It demonstrates the long-term reliability of spacecraft engineering and the scientific importance of missions that continue far beyond their original operational lifetimes. The mission also helps scientists understand the environment beyond the heliosphere and investigate the properties of interstellar space. The increasing communication delay highlights the challenges that future deep-space missions will face as spacecraft travel farther from Earth.

Conclusion

Voyager 1’s projected achievement of reaching one light-day from Earth on 18 November 2026 will mark another historic chapter in space exploration. Launched in 1977, the spacecraft has travelled beyond the planets, crossed the heliopause and continued exploring interstellar space. Its remarkable journey demonstrates the capabilities of human engineering and the importance of long-duration scientific missions. Voyager 1 was launched on 5 September 1977, crossed the heliopause on 25 August 2012 and is projected to become the first human-made object one light-day away from Earth on 18 November 2026.

Shakuntala Devi: Remembering India’s ‘Human Computer’ and Her Extraordinary Mathematical Mind

Kanan Rathore

November 3, 2026, 2:29 PM

Long before computers became an essential part of everyday life, an Indian woman amazed the world by performing complicated mathematical calculations entirely in her head, often faster than machines. From multiplying enormous numbers within seconds to finding the roots of numbers containing hundreds of digits, Shakuntala Devi demonstrated an extraordinary command over mathematics that earned her the title of the ‘Human Computer’.

Born on November 4, 1929, Shakuntala Devi was an Indian mental calculator, author and public personality whose remarkable abilities brought her international recognition. Her life was an extraordinary journey of curiosity, determination and an unusual relationship with numbers. On her birth anniversary, her achievements continue to inspire generations and challenge conventional ideas about learning and intelligence.

An Extraordinary Talent Discovered in Childhood

Shakuntala Devi was born in Bengaluru, Karnataka, into a family that faced financial difficulties. Her father, C. V. Sundararaja Rao, worked as a circus performer, performing activities such as trapeze, tightrope walking and magic tricks.

Her extraordinary ability with numbers reportedly became apparent when she was just three years old. While playing a card game with her father, she demonstrated an unusual ability to remember numbers and identify patterns. Her father soon recognised her talent and began showcasing her mathematical abilities during public performances.

Unlike most children who develop mathematical skills through years of classroom education, Shakuntala Devi did not receive formal schooling. She developed her abilities through observation, practice and an exceptional interest in numbers. At the age of six, she demonstrated her calculating skills at the University of Mysore, attracting attention for her remarkable mental abilities.

Her talent gradually took her beyond India, where she travelled extensively and performed mathematical demonstrations before audiences at universities and institutions across different countries.

The Mind That Could Calculate Faster Than Computers

What made Shakuntala Devi extraordinary was not simply her ability to solve mathematical problems but the speed and complexity with which she could perform calculations mentally.

She could multiply large numbers, calculate cube roots and higher roots, solve complicated arithmetic problems and determine the day of the week for a given date. Her ability to process enormous numerical figures without using paper, calculators or computers left audiences amazed.

One of her most remarkable demonstrations took place in 1977 at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, United States. She mentally calculated the 23rd root of a 201-digit number in approximately 50 seconds. The answer was subsequently verified using a UNIVAC 1101 computer, which took approximately 62 seconds to complete the calculation.

Another historic achievement came on June 18, 1980, at Imperial College London. The Computer Department selected two random 13-digit numbers for her to multiply. Shakuntala Devi correctly calculated the product of 7,686,369,774,870 and 2,465,099,745,779 in just 28 seconds.

The result was 18,947,668,177,995,426,462,773,730.

This achievement earned her a place in the Guinness Book of World Records. Guinness World Records officially awarded her the title of ‘Fastest Human Computation’ in July 2020, recognising the historic 1980 performance.

What Made Her Mathematical Mind So Extraordinary?

Shakuntala Devi’s abilities were not merely about memorising multiplication tables or performing familiar arithmetic tricks. Her mind demonstrated an exceptional capacity to recognise numerical patterns, process large figures and arrive at complex answers almost instantaneously.

Her calculating abilities were studied by American psychologist Arthur Jensen at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1988. During these tests, she performed several complicated calculations, including finding cube roots and higher mathematical roots within seconds.

Jensen documented her performance in a research paper published in the journal Intelligence in 1990. Although the study examined her abilities, it did not establish a definitive explanation for how she performed calculations at such extraordinary speeds.

Her mental processes remained an exceptional and relatively unexplained ability. The psychologist suggested that extensive practice and the development of highly automated mental operations during childhood could have played an important role.

Her extraordinary talent demonstrated that the human mind could achieve remarkable levels of numerical processing through specialised abilities and sustained practice.

Beyond Mathematics: An Author and a Multifaceted Personality

Shakuntala Devi was not limited to mathematical performances. She was also an author who wanted to make mathematics more interesting and accessible, particularly for children.

Her books, including Figuring: The Joy of Numbers and Puzzles to Puzzle You, introduced readers to mathematical concepts through interesting problems, puzzles and calculation techniques. She believed that mathematics should be approached with curiosity rather than fear.

She also explored subjects beyond mathematics. In 1977, she published The World of Homosexuals, an important early Indian book that discussed homosexuality at a time when the subject received very little public attention. Her literary interests also included astrology, numerology, fiction and cookery.

Her diverse interests reflected a personality that extended well beyond the identity of a mathematical performer.

Awards, Recognition and Lasting Legacy

Shakuntala Devi received international recognition for her extraordinary mathematical abilities. Her achievements were documented in the Guinness Book of World Records, and she became a globally recognised figure through her public demonstrations and performances.

She passed away on April 21, 2013, in Bengaluru, at the age of 83, following respiratory and other health complications.

In 2020, Guinness World Records formally presented her record certificate to her daughter, Anupama Banerji, acknowledging the extraordinary calculation she had performed four decades earlier.

Her life was also brought to the screen through the 2020 biographical film Shakuntala Devi, directed by Anu Menon and starring Vidya Balan in the lead role.

Shakuntala Devi’s legacy goes beyond the numbers she calculated or the records she established. She challenged the conventional understanding of mathematical ability and showed how curiosity, practice and an extraordinary interest in learning could take an individual to remarkable heights.

Her journey remains a reminder that intelligence can express itself in different forms and that the human mind still holds extraordinary possibilities waiting to be explored. Even years after her passing, the woman known as India’s ‘Human Computer’ continues to be remembered for making the world look at mathematics with wonder.

Bihar Museum Ranks 9th Among World’s 100 Best Museums 2026, Emerges as Asia’s Top-Ranked Museum

Kanan Rathore

November 3, 2026, 12:57 PM

In a remarkable achievement for India’s cultural and historical heritage, the Bihar Museum in Patna has secured the ninth position in the ‘World’s 100 Best Museums 2026’ list released by the international travel guide Worth a Journey. The recognition has placed the Bihar Museum among the world’s leading cultural institutions, making it the highest-ranked museum in Asia and the only Indian museum to feature in this year’s list.

The ranking, published in October 2026, has brought international attention to Bihar’s rich historical legacy and its growing importance as a cultural tourism destination. The Bihar Museum has also moved ahead of some of the world’s most renowned museums, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, popularly known as The Met, in New York, which secured the tenth position, and the Louvre Museum in Paris, which ranked 31st.

How Did Bihar Museum Secure the Ninth Position?

The ‘World’s 100 Best Museums’ list is published by Worth a Journey, a Munich-based international travel guide and magazine. The publication features rankings across different categories, including museums, libraries, parks, palaces and hotels.

According to reports, its museum assessment combines algorithm-based analysis of data from institutions across the world with verification through in-person visits. The ranking considers museums representing different fields, including art, history, science, technology and cultural heritage.

In the 2026 edition, Mexico City’s Museo Nacional de Antropología secured the first position, followed by the Museo del Prado in Madrid at second place and the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art in Denmark at third. The State Hermitage Museum in Russia ranked fourth, while Vienna’s Kunsthistorisches Museum secured fifth place.

The Bihar Museum’s ninth-place ranking is particularly significant as it has placed an Indian institution ahead of several internationally established museums. It has also brought recognition to Bihar’s historical collections, architectural vision and efforts to preserve its cultural identity.

When Was Bihar Museum Established?

Located on Nehru Path, popularly known as Bailey Road, in Patna, the Bihar Museum was established with the objective of preserving, documenting and showcasing the state’s rich historical, archaeological and cultural heritage.

The museum was inaugurated in August 2015, when some of its initial facilities, including the Children’s Gallery, entrance area and orientation theatre, opened to visitors. The remaining galleries were opened in October 2017, completing the museum’s major public development phase.

Spread across more than 13 acres, the museum was conceived as a modern cultural institution that could present Bihar’s history through archaeological objects, sculptures, paintings, manuscripts and interactive displays.

Its architectural design was led by renowned Japanese architect Fumihiko Maki, a recipient of the Pritzker Architecture Prize, in collaboration with Mumbai-based Opolis Architects. Rather than creating a single conventional museum building, the design brings together different sections, buildings and open courtyards. The architecture combines contemporary design elements with materials such as Indian granite, sandstone, terracotta and Corten steel.

Major Attractions and Galleries at Bihar Museum

The Bihar Museum houses a collection of more than 20,000 artefacts, offering visitors an opportunity to explore the region’s historical journey through different periods, from ancient civilisations to more recent times.

One of its important attractions is the collection associated with the Mauryan period and the reign of Emperor Ashoka. Gallery A introduces visitors to the emergence of the Indus Valley Civilisation, the Mauryan dynasty and the development of Buddhism and Jainism.

Gallery B takes visitors through the periods of the Sungas, Kushanas, Guptas and Palas, highlighting the political, religious and artistic developments of these dynasties. Gallery C explores later historical periods, including the Bengal Sultanate, the Nawabs of Bengal, and the development of the Patna School of Painting, alongside the influence of Sufism and Sikhism.

The History Art Gallery is another significant section, featuring the artistic traditions of different periods, including representations of the famous Didarganj Yakshi, Hindu deities, medieval miniature paintings and Daniell prints.

The Regional Art Gallery showcases Bihar’s traditional and folk art forms, reflecting the state’s diverse cultural practices and artistic expressions. The Diaspora Gallery explores the history of migration from Bihar and its influence on communities and cultures beyond the state.

The Visible Storage section offers a closer look at archaeological collections, including ancient punch-marked coins, medieval coins, terracotta objects and sculptures. The museum also has a Contemporary Art Gallery dedicated to works by modern Indian artists.

Another important attraction is the Children’s Gallery, which introduces younger visitors to subjects such as wildlife, science, folk art and culture through engaging and interactive displays. The Orientation Gallery provides an introduction to the museum’s collections and explains how historians and archaeologists study and interpret the past.

A New Recognition for India’s Cultural Heritage

The Bihar Museum’s achievement is more than an international ranking. It highlights the importance of preserving regional history and presenting it through modern museum experiences. By bringing together archaeological collections, traditional art, contemporary exhibitions, educational spaces and thoughtful architecture, the institution has created a platform for visitors to understand Bihar’s contribution to India’s cultural and historical development.

Its ninth position in the 2026 global ranking has strengthened Patna’s visibility on the international cultural map and opened new opportunities for heritage tourism in the state. The recognition also underlines how museums can connect the past with the present while making history accessible to a wider audience.

With this achievement, the Bihar Museum has emerged as an important cultural landmark, demonstrating that India’s regional museums can also gain recognition on the global stage.

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