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Know Why Badami Stands Synonymous To the Timeless Heritage of Karnataka’s Ancient Capital

By
Nirjala Gaud
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Nestled in the heart of Karnataka’s Bagalkot district, Badami stands as a testament to India’s rich history, architectural brilliance, and breathtaking geography. Once known as Vatapi, this ancient town served as the capital of the Badami Chalukya dynasty from 540 to 757 CE, leaving behind a legacy of stunning rock-cut temples, a formidable hill fort, and a surreal landscape that continues to captivate visitors. With its 1,500-year-old history and millions of years of geological marvels, Badami invites travelers to explore the hidden gems of ancient India.

A Glimpse into Badami’s Historical Grandeur

Badami’s historical significance is deeply tied to the Chalukya dynasty, which rose to prominence in the 6th century under the leadership of Pulakeshin I. He established Vatapi as the capital around 543 CE, laying the foundation for a dynasty that would shape the Deccan region’s cultural and political landscape. The empire reached its zenith under Pulakeshin II, one of the greatest Chalukyan emperors, whose conquests expanded the dynasty’s influence across southern India. The reign of the Chalukyas came to an end with Kirtivarman II, when the dynasty was overtaken by the Rashtrakutas and Pandyas.

The Badami Fort, perched atop a hill, served as the stronghold of this mighty empire. Constructed in the mid-6th century, it symbolizes the Chalukyas’ military prowess and architectural ingenuity. The fort, combined with the nearby cave temples, showcases the region’s enduring cultural and historical significance.

The Marvel of Badami Cave Temple

Adjacent to the fort lies the iconic Badami Cave Temples, a cluster of rock-cut shrines carved into the red sandstone cliffs. Commissioned by Chalukya king Mangalesa (598-610 CE), these temples are a masterpiece of Indian rock-cut architecture. The four main caves are dedicated to Hindu deities Shiva and Vishnu, as well as Jain Tirthankaras, reflecting the region’s religious diversity. Adorned with intricately carved pillars, sculptures, and reliefs, these temples offer a window into the spiritual and artistic heritage of ancient India.
The caves are not only architectural wonders but also a celebration of the Chalukyan commitment to blending art with spirituality. Alongside the cave temples, structural monuments like the Bhutanatha Temples further enhance Badami’s reputation as a hub of Chalukyan architecture.

A Landscape Shaped by Time

Badami’s surreal beauty is as much a product of its geography as its history. Nestled in a ravine between two rugged red sandstone hills, the town is surrounded by dramatic cliffs that create a natural fortress. At the heart of this landscape lies Agastya Lake, a serene water reservoir that encircles the town on three sides, adding to its picturesque charm and historical significance as a vital water source.
The red sandstone cliffs, sculpted by millions of years of geological activity, give Badami its distinctive and otherworldly appeal. This unique combination of ravines, hills, and water makes Badami a visual spectacle, drawing visitors who seek both history and natural beauty.

A Call to Discover Ancient India

Badami’s blend of history, architecture, and geography makes it a must-visit destination for those eager to uncover the hidden gems of ancient India. Recognized as a heritage city under the Indian government’s HRIDAY scheme, Badami continues to be preserved and celebrated for its cultural importance. The town’s rock-cut monuments, hill fort, and serene lake offer a journey back in time, inviting travelers to explore the legacy of the Chalukyas and the timeless allure of Karnataka’s heritage.

Badami’s Enduring Legacy

Badami is more than a historical site; it is a living testament to the ingenuity, artistry, and resilience of ancient India. From the towering fort to the intricately carved cave temples and the stunning red sandstone cliffs, every corner of Badami tells a story of a bygone era. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, an architecture lover, or a nature seeker, Badami promises an unforgettable experience. Come to Karnataka’s ancient capital and discover the treasures of a civilization that continues to inspire awe.

Breaking Barriers: Surekha Yadav, Asia’s First Woman Loco Pilot, Set to Retire After 36 Years

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Nirjala Gaud
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pc:(The Hindu)

Surekha Yadav, a trailblazer who etched her name in history as Asia’s first woman loco pilot, is preparing to retire at the end of September 2025, concluding an illustrious 36-year career with Indian Railways. Her journey, marked by determination and groundbreaking achievements, stands as a powerful symbol of women’s empowerment and resilience in a male-dominated field.

A Historic Journey Begins

Born in Maharashtra’s Satara district, Surekha Yadav embarked on her remarkable career with a diploma in electrical engineering. Joining Indian Railways in 1989, she quickly rose through the ranks, becoming an assistant driver the following year. In a field dominated by men, her ascent was nothing short of extraordinary. By 1996, she was driving freight trains, and by 2000, she earned the designation of “Motor Woman,” a testament to her skill and perseverance.

A decade later, Surekha qualified as a ghat driver, navigating challenging terrains, and eventually took on the responsibility of operating mail and express trains. Her ability to break barriers while mastering the complexities of locomotive operations made her a pioneer in every sense.

Driving Iconic Trains

Surekha’s career is studded with milestones, including her operation of some of India’s most prestigious trains. On March 13, 2023, she made history again by piloting the inaugural Vande Bharat Express from Solapur to Mumbai’s Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (CSMT). Her final assignment, in keeping with tradition, was equally significant. On Thursday, September 18, 2025, she drove the iconic Rajdhani Express on the Hazrat Nizamuddin (Delhi)-CSMT route between Igatpuri and CSMT, marking a fitting end to her distinguished career.
A senior Central Railway official noted that Surekha’s contributions have left an indelible mark on Indian Railways, both as a skilled professional and an inspiration to countless women.

A Legacy of Empowerment

Surekha Yadav’s journey is more than a personal triumph; it is a beacon of hope for women aspiring to break into traditionally male-dominated fields. Her career reflects the power of determination and the impact of challenging societal norms. Central Railway celebrated her legacy in a post on X, stating, “Asia’s first woman train driver, Surekha Yadav, will retire on September 30 after 36 years of stellar service. A true trailblazer, she shattered barriers, inspired countless women, and proved that any dream can be achieved. Her journey will forever remain a symbol of women’s empowerment in Indian Railways.”

A Trailblazer’s Farewell

As Surekha Yadav prepares to step away from her role, her legacy as a pioneer and a symbol of empowerment will continue to inspire generations. From driving freight trains to commanding the Vande Bharat Express, she has shown that no obstacle is too great when met with courage and dedication. Her retirement marks the end of an era, but her story will remain a proud chapter in the history of Indian Railways and a testament to the strength of women breaking new ground.

Switzerland’s Curious Nighttime Rule: The Truth Behind the Toilet Flush Ban

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Nirjala Gaud
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Switzerland, often celebrated for its breathtaking landscapes and serene lifestyle, has a lesser-known quirk that surprises many: a supposed ban on flushing toilets after 10 p.m. This peculiar notion, tied to the country’s deep-rooted emphasis on peace and communal harmony, has sparked curiosity and confusion worldwide. But is it really illegal to flush a toilet at night in Switzerland? Let’s dive into the truth behind this unusual practice and explore how cultural norms shape everyday life in this Alpine nation.

The Myth of the Late-Night Flush Ban

The idea that Switzerland prohibits toilet flushing after 10 p.m. often surfaces in travel blogs and online discussions, leaving readers baffled. The belief stems from the country’s strict approach to noise control, particularly in residential areas. Switzerland is renowned for its tranquility, and this quietude becomes even more pronounced at night. The sound of a toilet flush, which can reverberate through thin apartment walls, is considered disruptive to neighbors. As a result, some interpret this as a legal restriction.

In reality, there is no national law in Switzerland that bans flushing toilets at night. Instead, this practice is often outlined in Hausordnung—the “house rules” set by landlords for tenants. These rules, while not legally binding at a national level, carry significant weight in individual apartment buildings and are designed to maintain harmony among residents.

The Role of Hausordnung in Swiss Society

In Switzerland, landlords have the authority to establish detailed regulations for their properties, known as Hausordnung. These rules cover a range of behaviors, from waste disposal to noise levels, and are intended to ensure a peaceful living environment. The so-called “toilet flush ban” is one such rule that some landlords include in their agreements, particularly in older buildings with thinner walls where noise travels easily.

While these rules are not enforceable by law, they are taken seriously by tenants. Violating them could strain relationships with landlords or neighbors, as respect for communal living is deeply ingrained in Swiss culture. The emphasis on minimizing noise pollution reflects a broader societal value: consideration for others. For instance, many Swiss avoid loud activities like vacuuming or playing music late at night to maintain this peaceful coexistence.

Cultural Norms and Noise Sensitivity

Switzerland’s reputation as a “quiet country” is no exaggeration. The Swiss are highly sensitive to noise, especially after dark, when even minor sounds can feel amplified. A flushing toilet, which produces a distinct and sometimes loud noise, is seen by some as a breach of this unspoken code of tranquility. This cultural norm may seem unusual to outsiders, but it underscores Switzerland’s commitment to fostering a harmonious community.
For many Swiss residents, adhering to these norms is second nature. Newcomers, however, may find such expectations surprising or even restrictive. Yet, embracing these practices is often key to integrating smoothly into Swiss society, where mutual respect and consideration are paramount.

Debunking the Myth: No Law, Just Etiquette

To clarify, there is no government-enforced law prohibiting toilet flushing at night in Switzerland. The restriction is more of a social and landlord-imposed guideline than a legal mandate. Many apartments, especially in urban areas like Zurich or Geneva, include these rules in rental contracts to promote a quiet living environment. Tenants are generally advised to avoid flushing late at night, though the extent to which this is enforced varies.
For visitors or new residents, this cultural quirk serves as a reminder of Switzerland’s unique approach to community living. While it may not be illegal to flush a toilet after 10 p.m., doing so could raise eyebrows among neighbors or landlords who prioritize peace and quiet.

A Lesson in Cultural Adaptation

Switzerland’s rumored toilet flush ban may sound bizarre, but it reflects the country’s deep respect for tranquility and communal harmony. While not a law, the practice highlights how cultural norms can shape everyday behavior, even in seemingly mundane acts like flushing a toilet. For those planning to visit or relocate to Switzerland, understanding and respecting these unwritten rules can make all the difference in adapting to life in this serene and orderly nation.
So, the next time you hear about Switzerland’s “no-flush” rule, you’ll know it’s not about breaking the law but about honoring a cultural commitment to peace and quiet.

Why Aryan Mann, New DU President, Was Backed by Sanjay Dutt and Sonu Sood? Know More on His Family…

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EBNW Story
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Aryan Mann, the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) candidate, has emerged victorious in the 2025 Delhi University Students’ Union (DUSU) elections, winning the post of President in one of the most closely watched student elections in the country.

A resident of Bahadurgarh, Haryana, Mann is a graduate of Hansraj College and is currently pursuing a Master’s degree in Library Science at the University of Delhi. Known as an active and vocal student leader, he campaigned on promises of subsidised metro passes, free Wi-Fi, improved sports infrastructure, and scholarships for PhD students — issues that resonated with the student body.

Star Power: Bollywood Backs Aryan Mann

What set Aryan Mann’s campaign apart was the high-profile backing he received — most notably from Bollywood actors Sanjay Dutt and Sonu Sood.

In a video that went viral during the campaign, Sanjay Dutt referred to Aryan as his “bhatija” (nephew) and urged students to vote for him. Actor and philanthropist Sonu Sood also released a message in support of Mann, praising his leadership potential and calling on DU students to stand behind him. Their endorsements sparked widespread attention on social media, giving Mann’s campaign a celebrity edge rarely seen in student politics.

A Campaign Marked by Influence and Luxury

Mann’s campaign wasn’t just high-profile; it was also visually striking. Videos and photos surfaced online showing him campaigning in luxury vehicles, which attracted both admiration and scrutiny. Sources close to the campaign say his elder brother Virat Mann, CEO of ADS Group, played a key role in supporting Aryan throughout the election.

Aryan’s father, Sikander Mann, is the Executive Director of the ADS Group, a major business house based in Barhi, Haryana, and is associated with the popular Royal Green liquor brand. The family’s business background brought Aryan both visibility and resources that clearly made an impact during the campaign.

From Football Field to DU President’s Office

Aside from politics and academics, Aryan is also known among peers as a passionate football player and an advocate for improved campus sports facilities. He has previously participated in student-led protests and movements spearheaded by ABVP, including campaigns against fee hikes and demands for better infrastructure at DU.

With over 1.55 lakh students casting their votes this year, the DUSU 2025 elections saw intense competition and high engagement across campuses. Vote counting took place on Friday at the University Sports Stadium in North Campus.

Aryan Mann’s win marks a powerful moment not just for ABVP, but also for student politics in Delhi — where campaign style, social media influence, and star endorsements now seem to play as big a role as manifestos.

Unearthing Lakshyagrah: Baghpat’s Mahabharata Legacy Set for Revival

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EBNW Story
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Centuries after the Pandavas narrowly escaped a fiery plot, the site believed to be the legendary Lakshyagrah is ready to reclaim its place in India’s cultural imagination.

Hidden beneath layers of soil and legend, the ancient site linked to one of the Mahabharata’s most dramatic episodes — the escape of the Pandavas and their mother Kunti from the burning Lakshyagrah (House of Lac) — is set to receive a major facelift. Once passed down through oral tradition and epic storytelling, the story now has a physical anchor: a mound of ruins quietly resting in the heart of Baghpat district, protected by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).

Now, with the support of the Uttar Pradesh government, this piece of India’s epic past will be developed into a heritage tourism destination.

Tourism and Culture Minister Jaiveer Singh described the project as a pivotal step in placing Baghpat on the religious and cultural tourism map of India. “It will attract pilgrims and history enthusiasts while creating new opportunities for tourism and economic growth,” he told The Times of India.

The development plan, he said, will include site beautification, lighting, sanitation, clean drinking water, visitor information centres, and resting areas — all while preserving the sanctity and archaeological integrity of the site.

Former Principal Secretary of Tourism and Culture, Mukesh Kumar Meshram, sees this as part of a broader vision. “We aim to turn UP’s rich heritage into a world-class tourism experience,” he said. “By blending modern amenities with epic history, we allow visitors to engage with the site not just as tourists, but as participants in India’s living mythology.”

While the Mahabharata connection gives the site mythological weight, Baghpat’s archaeological richness adds even greater depth. The area has yielded Harappan-era artefacts, including greyware pottery and settlement traces. In 2018, bronze chariots and burial remains discovered in nearby Sinauli village dating back to circa 2000 BCE made global headlines, with some scholars calling it one of the most important archaeological finds in independent India.

These discoveries have made Baghpat a key subject of study for historians and archaeologists seeking to understand India’s ancient civilisations and their continuity into epic traditions.

As development begins, the site of Lakshyagrah may no longer remain just a footnote in epic lore. With improved access and careful preservation, it is poised to become a bridge between myth, history, and modern identity — where visitors won’t just read about the Mahabharata, but walk the very ground it may have touched.

WTO 2025 World Trade Report Highlights AI Potential to Transform Global Trade and Economic Growth by 2040

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EBNW Story
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The 2025 World Trade Report, released by the World Trade Organization (WTO), explores how artificial intelligence (AI) could significantly reshape global trade and economic development by 2040. According to the report, AI-driven productivity gains and lower trade costs could lead to a nearly 40% increase in the value of cross-border trade.

However, realizing this potential will require targeted policies to bridge the digital divide and ensure that growth is inclusive and equitable across economies.

AI Could Boost Trade by Up to 37% and Global GDP by 13%

The report projects that AI could raise global trade by 34–37% and global GDP by 12–13% by 2040. These gains depend heavily on the pace of AI adoption and improvements in digital infrastructure, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Economies that successfully close the digital gap with high-income nations and integrate AI technologies stand to benefit the most.

Trade in AI-Enabling Goods Key to Growth

In 2023, trade in AI-enabling goods—such as semiconductors, raw materials, and intermediate inputs—reached USD 2.3 trillion. Ensuring access to these goods is critical for enabling AI adoption and supporting economic growth. The report suggests that if developing economies halve their digital infrastructure gap and embrace AI, average incomes could rise by 14–15%.

Barriers to AI Trade Remain High

Despite its potential, access to AI technologies remains uneven. In some low-income countries, tariffs on AI-related goods reach as high as 45%. Moreover, quantitative restrictions on AI products have surged from 130 in 2012 to nearly 500 in 2024, creating significant obstacles to equitable AI adoption and limiting trade expansion.

Investing in Education and Workforce Skills

To prevent widening inequality within countries, the report emphasizes the importance of investments in education and skills development. As AI reshapes labour markets, adaptive workforce policies are needed to support those affected and to ensure that more people can participate in and benefit from AI-driven economic growth.

WTO’s Role in Supporting Inclusive AI Trade

The WTO serves as a key platform for international dialogue on AI and trade policy. Since 2012, over 80 trade concerns related to AI have been raised by members. The WTO continues to promote adherence to frameworks such as the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), which support wider access to AI technologies and services.

Call for Open, Predictable Trade Policies

The report underscores the importance of an open and predictable global trade environment to maximize AI’s benefits. Reducing trade barriers and ensuring regulatory certainty will encourage investment, foster innovation, and help ensure that the benefits of AI are shared across all economies, especially developing ones.

Rediscovering the Sunken Cities: Ancient Marvels Beneath the Waves

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Nirjala Gaud
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The ocean hides a treasure trove of history, with ancient cities submerged beneath its depths, waiting to be rediscovered. These underwater relics, once thriving hubs of culture, trade, and power, have been reclaimed by the sea due to natural disasters or geological shifts. From the mythical city of Dwarka in India to the Roman elite’s playground of Baiae in Italy, these sunken cities offer a glimpse into humanity’s past. Below, we explore some of the most remarkable submerged cities that archaeologists have brought back into the light.

Dwarka, India: The Legendary City of Krishna

Off the coast of Gujarat lies Dwarka, a submerged city believed to be the mythical home of Lord Krishna from the Indian epic Mahabharata. Marine archaeologists have uncovered stone blocks, pillars, and other structures suggesting a fortified city that served as a bustling trade hub. According to legend, Dwarka sank into the sea after Krishna’s death, a story now supported by the discovery of its underwater ruins. These findings continue to captivate historians and devotees alike, blending mythology with archaeological evidence.

Yonaguni, Japan: A Monument or Nature’s Art?

The Yonaguni Monument, found off Japan’s Yonaguni Island, remains one of the most debated underwater discoveries. Its angular terraces and carved-like features have sparked theories of a man-made structure, possibly a lost city or temple. However, some scientists argue it’s a natural geological formation shaped by tectonic activity. Whether crafted by human hands or nature, the Yonaguni Monument continues to intrigue researchers and divers, raising questions about ancient civilizations in the Pacific.

Heraklion, Egypt: The Lost Port of the Nile

Once a thriving port near the Canopic Mouth of the Nile, Heraklion (also known as Thonis-Heracleion) was a vital trade and religious center in ancient Egypt. Submerged in the Mediterranean Sea, about 32 km northeast of Alexandria, its ruins have revealed statues, inscriptions, and artifacts that highlight its significance. Rediscovered in the early 2000s, Heraklion offers a window into Egypt’s maritime and cultural history before it vanished beneath the waves.

Port Royal, Jamaica: The Pirate City Swallowed by the Sea

In the 17th century, Port Royal was a notorious Caribbean pirate haven and a bustling trade center. A catastrophic earthquake in 1692, followed by a tsunami, sank much of the city into the sea, preserving it as a time capsule. Today, Port Royal is one of the best-preserved underwater archaeological sites, with artifacts like buildings, streets, and even household items offering insights into colonial life and piracy in the Caribbean.

Pavlopetri, Greece: A Bronze Age Marvel

Dating back to the Bronze Age, Pavlopetri, off the coast of Greece, is one of the oldest known submerged cities. Likely sunk by an earthquake around the 2nd millennium BC, its remarkably preserved streets, buildings, and tombs provide a rare glimpse into early urban planning. Discovered in 1967, Pavlopetri continues to reveal secrets about Bronze Age civilization, making it a significant archaeological treasure.

Baiae, Italy: Rome’s Sunken Playground

Known as the “Las Vegas of the Roman Empire,” Baiae was a luxurious resort town frequented by Rome’s elite. Its lavish villas, mosaics, and baths sank due to bradyseism, a geological process causing land to rise and fall in hydrothermal zones. Now an underwater archaeological park in the Bay of Naples, Baiae’s submerged ruins, including statues and intricate mosaics, attract divers and historians eager to explore Rome’s opulent past.

Olous, Crete: A Minoan City Beneath the Waves

Near modern-day Elounda in Crete, Olous was a thriving Minoan and later Dorian settlement with a democratic society and its own coinage. Submerged around 780 AD, possibly due to an earthquake or landslide, its ruins are visible both along the shoreline and underwater. Olous’s remnants, including walls and structures, offer a glimpse into Crete’s ancient maritime culture, blending history with the serene beauty of the region.

Falasarna, Crete: The Fortified Harbor of Antiquity

Located on Crete’s western tip, Falasarna was a powerful city-state in the 4th century BC, renowned for its advanced naval harbor. Destroyed by the Romans in 67 BC, its ruins include harbor structures, city walls, and a cemetery, with artifacts displayed in local museums. The enigmatic “Throne of Poseidon,” a carved stone structure, adds to its mystique. Today, Falasarna’s archaeological significance is complemented by its stunning beaches, making it a unique historical and natural site.

A Legacy Preserved Beneath the Sea

These submerged cities, from Dwarka’s mythical origins to Baiae’s Roman extravagance, tell stories of human ingenuity, resilience, and the relentless power of nature. Rediscovered through modern archaeology, they remind us of the transient nature of civilizations and the secrets still hidden beneath the waves. As exploration continues, these underwater wonders will undoubtedly reveal more about our shared past, bridging the gap between history and mystery

Two Years of Exercise Can Reverse 20 Years of Heart Aging, Study Reveals

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Nirjala Gaud
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A groundbreaking study published in Circulation and funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has unveiled a powerful antidote to cardiac aging: two years of consistent, vigorous exercise can reverse up to 20 years of heart damage in middle-aged, previously sedentary individuals. By focusing on high-intensity interval training and endurance exercises, the study demonstrates that the heart’s elasticity and blood-pumping efficiency can be significantly restored, particularly if exercise begins before age 65. These findings highlight exercise as a vital tool for combating age-related heart decline and preventing serious conditions like heart failure.

Rewinding the Clock on Cardiac Aging

The study’s results offer hope for those looking to rejuvenate their heart health. Through a regimen of consistent exercise, participants saw remarkable improvements in cardiovascular function, countering the stiffening of the heart’s left ventricle—a hallmark of sedentary aging. Key takeaways include:

Reversal of Heart Stiffness: Two years of high-intensity interval training led to a 25% increase in the heart’s elasticity, undoing the stiffening caused by prolonged inactivity.

Enhanced Oxygen Processing: Participants experienced an 18% boost in their heart’s ability to process oxygen, improving overall blood circulation.

Prevention of Heart Failure: The exercise program was shown to reduce the risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, a condition linked to cardiac stiffness.

-Timing Matters: The heart’s adaptability is greatest before age 65, when it remains pliable and responsive to remodeling through exercise.

These findings underscore the transformative potential of sustained physical activity, even when started later in life, as a means to restore youthful heart function.

How Exercise Rejuvenates the Heart

The study sheds light on how exercise works its magic on the aging heart. Through a combination of high-intensity interval training and endurance exercises, participants saw measurable improvements in cardiovascular health. Here’s how exercise achieves these results:

Increased Blood Flow: Regular workouts enhance blood circulation, enabling the heart to pump oxygen-rich blood more efficiently to the body. This increased flow also helps clear circulating tumor cells, potentially reducing the risk of cancer metastasis.

Boosted Cardiovascular Function: Endurance training strengthens the heart, improving its overall performance and capacity to deliver oxygen during physical activity.

Lower Resting Heart Rate: A conditioned heart works more efficiently, requiring fewer beats to circulate blood, which results in a lower resting heart rate and reduced strain on the organ.

Heart Adaptability: The heart responds to training by increasing in size and becoming more malleable, allowing it to adapt to the demands of physical activity.

These mechanisms collectively reverse the damage caused by a sedentary lifestyle, making exercise a cornerstone of long-term heart health.

Practical Implications: Exercise as a Lifeline for Heart Health

The study’s findings position exercise as a powerful, accessible tool for combating age-related cardiac decline. Lead researcher Dr. Benjamin Levine likened consistent exercise to daily hygiene, emphasizing its non-negotiable role in maintaining lifelong health. By incorporating vigorous activities like high-intensity interval training or endurance workouts, individuals can not only improve their heart’s flexibility but also significantly reduce the risk of heart failure.

For middle-aged adults who have led sedentary lives, the message is clear: it’s never too late to start, but starting before age 65 yields the greatest benefits. The study advocates for exercise as a proactive measure to preserve heart function, offering a practical and impactful way to enhance quality of life.

Make Exercise a Daily Habit

This research serves as a wake-up call for those looking to safeguard their heart health. By committing to two years of consistent, vigorous exercise, individuals can turn back the clock on cardiac aging, improve their cardiovascular resilience, and lower their risk of serious heart conditions. As Dr. Levine’s analogy suggests, just as brushing your teeth is a daily necessity, so too is exercise—a simple yet profound habit that can add years of vitality to your life.

Spain Tops 2025’s Most Fun Countries Ranking: Where Celebration Meets Adventure

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Nirjala Gaud
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In a world craving escapism and excitement, U.S. News & World Report’s 2025 Best Countries report has spotlighted the nations that best embody “fun.” Based on a comprehensive survey of 17,000 people across 36 countries, the rankings capture global perceptions of leisure, culture, and vibrant lifestyles. Spain clinched the top spot, celebrated for its infectious energy, while Brazil and Thailand rounded out the podium with their own unique blends of festivity and flavor. This attribute, nestled within the broader “Adventure” subranking, draws from 73 key factors like heritage, quality of life, and social purpose, all normalized on a 0-100 scale to reflect how strongly respondents associate each nation with pure enjoyment.

Why Spain Reigns Supreme: A Tapestry of Tradition and Revelry

Spain’s crowning as the world’s most fun country comes as no surprise to those who’ve wandered its sun-drenched streets. With a score highlighting its lively culture, historic cities, world-class art scenes, and explosive festivals like the tomato-throwing frenzy of La Tomatina, Spain masterfully fuses tradition with unbridled celebration. From flamenco dances in Seville to midnight feasts during Madrid’s San Isidro, the country’s rhythm invites everyone to join the party. As one of the survey’s standout performers, Spain’s appeal underscores a timeless truth: fun isn’t just an activity—it’s a way of life.

Brazil and Thailand: Tropical Vibes and Non-Stop Energy Secure the Podium

Hot on Spain’s heels, Brazil secured second place with its magnetic pull of tropical beaches, pulsating nightlife, and the electrifying spectacle of the Rio Carnival. This annual explosion of samba, feathers, and street parades transforms the nation into a global epicenter of joy, drawing millions into a whirlwind of festivity that blurs the line between tourist and local.

Thailand, rounding out the top three, enchants with its rich traditions, neon-lit nightlife in Bangkok, and legendary street food that tantalizes the senses at every corner. From full-moon parties on Koh Phangan to serene temple rituals in Chiang Mai, the “Land of Smiles” proves that fun can be as exhilarating as it is soul-nourishing. These rankings highlight how Brazil and Thailand turn everyday moments into memorable adventures, earning them enduring spots on travelers’ must-visit lists.

The Full Top 10: A Global Feast of Festivals, Food, and Adventure

The top 10 paints a diverse picture of fun, blending Mediterranean charm, Latin flair, and Oceanic thrills. Italy follows in fourth, luring with culinary odysseys and historic spectacles like the Venice Carnival, where masked revelers dance through canals. Mexico (fifth) captivates through its vibrant heritage and sun-soaked beaches in Cancún, while Greece (sixth) offers an idyllic mix of ancient ruins, island-hopping, and azure shores.

Australia edges out its neighbor New Zealand, landing seventh with a score of 85.1 out of 100—think pub crawls, golden beaches, AFL matches, and wine tastings in the Barossa Valley. Portugal (eighth) shines with Lisbon’s electric nightlife and fado-infused evenings, and New Zealand (ninth) thrills adventure seekers with bungy jumps and hikes in Queenstown. France rounds out the list in tenth, its rich traditions and events like the Nice Carnival adding a touch of Gallic elegance to the global fun map.

Interestingly, Australia outranked New Zealand, showcasing how the Aussies’ blend of sports, surf, and social scenes gives it a slight edge in public perception.

Beyond the Top 10: North America’s Sole Representatives and a Broader View

The top 40 list extends the celebration worldwide, with the United States and Canada standing as the only North American entries in the top 20—proof that the continent’s fun factor resonates, even if it doesn’t dominate the leaderboard. These rankings, driven by perceptions rather than raw data, emphasize how countries weave leisure, culture, and community into unforgettable experiences. Whether it’s the U.S.’s music festivals and national parks or Canada’s vibrant urban festivals, they remind us that fun is subjective yet universally sought.

The Top 40 Most Fun Countries in 2025: A Complete List

For those plotting their next getaway, here’s the full rundown of the top 40 most fun countries according to the 2025 U.S. News & World Report rankings:

  1. Spain
  2. Brazil
  3. Thailand
  4. Italy
  5. Mexico
  6. Greece
  7. Australia
  8. Portugal
  9. New Zealand
  10. France
  11. United Kingdom
  12. United States
  13. Canada
  14. Japan
  15. South Korea
  16. Turkey
  17. Indonesia
  18. Netherlands
  19. Argentina
  20. South Africa
  21. Croatia
  22. Ireland
  23. Vietnam
  24. Philippines
  25. Germany
  26. India
  27. Egypt
  28. Colombia
  29. Peru
  30. Morocco
  31. Chile
  32. Costa Rica
  33. Malaysia
  34. Singapore
  35. Sweden
  36. Denmark
  37. Norway
  38. Finland
  39. Switzerland
  40. Belgium

Fun as a Global Perception: The Methodology Behind the Magic

U.S. News crafts its Best Countries rankings around 73 attributes across 10 subrankings, including Heritage, Quality of Life, Power, and Entrepreneurship. “Fun” slots into the Adventure category, gauging how nations evoke excitement and enjoyment. The process involves distributing surveys to 17,000 respondents worldwide—business leaders, elites, and everyday citizens—who rate a randomized subset of eligible countries (filtered by GDP, tourism, and FDI thresholds). These insights are then aggregated and scaled for the final tally, offering a snapshot of collective imagination rather than empirical metrics. As the 2025 edition shows, in an era of global connectivity, the countries that spark joy are those that invite us all to play along.

The Myth of “Oil Kumar”: Unraveling the Viral Tale of a Man Allegedly Surviving on Engine Oil

By
Nirjala Gaud
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PC:(Money control )

In mid-September 2025, a peculiar story from Shivamogga, Karnataka, captured the internet’s attention. Dubbed “Oil Kumar,” a man allegedly sustains himself on 7–8 liters of engine oil daily, supplemented only by cups of tea, and has reportedly done so for over three decades. According to a viral Instagram post by the user ‘avalakki_pavalakki,’ Kumar refuses conventional food like rice or chapati, opting instead to drink engine oil straight from a bottle. The post further claims that, despite this hazardous habit, Kumar has never been hospitalized or suffered serious health issues, attributing his survival to the divine blessings of Lord Ayyappa. However, medical experts have debunked this sensational story, warning that such a diet is not only impossible but would be fatal.

The Viral Video and Public Fascination

The story gained traction through a widely circulated Instagram video showing Kumar rejecting offers of traditional meals from bystanders. Instead, he calmly sips from a bottle of engine oil, leaving viewers both intrigued and skeptical. The claim that Kumar has maintained this routine for over 30 years without medical complications has fueled online fascination, with many marveling at the seemingly miraculous tale. Yet, the absence of verifiable evidence and the scientific implausibility of the story have raised red flags, leading experts to label the videos as likely fabricated or exaggerated for attention.

Medical Experts Debunk the Myth

Medical professionals have unanimously dismissed the possibility of a human surviving on engine oil, emphasizing its extreme toxicity. Engine oil, a petroleum-based product, contains harmful hydrocarbons and heavy metals that are poisonous to the human body. Consuming even small amounts can lead to catastrophic health consequences, including:

Organ Damage: Ingesting engine oil would severely harm vital organs such as the heart, liver, kidneys, and brain, leading to irreversible damage or failure.

Respiratory Failure: Aspiration of oil into the lungs can cause chemical pneumonitis, severe pneumonia, or fatal respiratory failure.

Gastrointestinal Harm: Swallowing engine oil would burn and irritate the mouth, throat, and stomach lining, potentially causing ulcers, internal bleeding, or perforations.

Neurological Effects: Toxic compounds in the oil could trigger symptoms like dizziness, confusion, seizures, or even coma.

Given these risks, experts assert that consuming

7–8 liters of engine oil daily for decades, as claimed, would be fatal long before such a duration could be reached. The story’s assertion that Kumar has avoided hospitalization entirely further undermines its credibility.

A Cautionary Tale Against Viral Sensationalism

While “Oil Kumar’s” story has captivated social media, it serves as a reminder of the dangers of glorifying unverified and hazardous claims. Medical professionals urge the public not to be swayed by such sensational tales and to recognize that engine oil is categorically unsafe for human consumption. The viral nature of the story, amplified by platforms like Instagram, highlights the need for critical thinking when encountering extraordinary claims online. Whether a publicity stunt or a misunderstanding, the tale of “Oil Kumar” lacks scientific grounding and should not be emulated or celebrated.

A Viral Myth Debunked: The Importance of Health and Skepticism

The curious case of “Oil Kumar” may have sparked intrigue across social media, but it remains a myth unsupported by science. As fascinating as the story appears, it underscores the importance of skepticism and reliance on credible information, especially when it comes to matters of health. For now, the legend of the man who “survives on engine oil” remains just that—a legend, not reality.

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