Vaidehi Bhargava
India celebrates Constitution Day (or Samvidhan Diwas) annually on 26th November to honor the adoption of the Indian Constitution, a cornerstone of the nation’s democratic framework. This day holds immense historical and cultural significance as it marks the culmination of a process that defined India’s identity as a sovereign, democratic republic.
The Backstory
The drafting of the Indian Constitution began with the formation of the Constituent Assembly in 1946, under the leadership of Dr. Rajendra Prasad as its president. Comprising eminent leaders, legal experts, and visionaries like Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel, and others, the assembly worked diligently for nearly three years.
On 26th November 1949, the Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution after extensive debates and deliberations spanning 11 sessions and over 165 days. It officially came into effect on 26th January 1950, a day chosen to commemorate the Purna Swaraj declaration of 1930. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, regarded as the Father of the Indian Constitution, played a pivotal role as the chairman of the Drafting Committee, ensuring inclusivity, equality, and justice as the document’s foundational principles.
Significance of Constitution Day
- Recognition of Constitutional Values: Constitution Day emphasizes the importance of the Constitution as the supreme law of the land. It serves as a reminder of the principles of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity enshrined in its Preamble.
- Tribute to the Framers: The day pays homage to the efforts and vision of the drafters who aspired to build a progressive, democratic, and unified India.
- Educational Significance: Schools, colleges, and institutions use this occasion to spread awareness about the Constitution, its history, and its relevance. Students participate in activities like reading the Preamble or engaging in debates and quizzes.
- Contemporary Relevance: Constitution Day reinforces the commitment of citizens and lawmakers to uphold constitutional principles, especially amidst challenges to democracy and governance.
Official Recognition
Constitution Day was formally declared in 2015 by the Government of India under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. This move marked the 125th birth anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and sought to highlight the enduring legacy of India’s constitutional framework.
Broader Impact
The day is celebrated with various events, including Preamble readings, discussions, and outreach programs organized by governmental and non-governmental institutions. It is a moment to reflect on the progress made under the constitutional framework and to renew the collective commitment to national unity and democratic values.
In essence, Constitution Day is not just a historical observance but a call to action for citizens to uphold the spirit of the Constitution and contribute to India’s growth as a democratic, inclusive, and equitable nation.