Every year on July 23, India celebrates the birth anniversary of Chandra Shekhar Azad, one of the bravest revolutionaries of the Indian freedom struggle. Born in 1906 in Bhabhra village (now in Madhya Pradesh), Azad became a symbol of courage, patriotism and resistance against British rule. Although he lived for only 24 years, his fearless spirit and sacrifice continue to inspire generations of Indians.
Born as Chandra Shekhar Tiwari, he was drawn to the freedom movement at a very young age. During the Non-Cooperation Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi, he was arrested for participating in protests. When asked his name in court, he boldly replied, “Azad” (Free), his father’s name as “Swatantrata” (Freedom), and his address as “Jail.” From that day onward, he became known as Chandra Shekhar Azad, a name that reflected his determination to never live under foreign rule.
After the Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn, Azad believed that India needed a stronger revolutionary movement to achieve independence. He joined the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) and later helped reorganise it into the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) along with revolutionaries such as Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru. The organisation aimed to end British rule through revolutionary action.
Azad played an important role in several revolutionary activities, including the Kakori Train Action of 1925. He also helped organise revolutionary groups and provided leadership after many senior leaders were arrested or executed. Known for his intelligence, discipline and bravery, he managed to evade British police for several years despite being one of the most wanted revolutionaries in the country.
One of the defining moments of his life came on February 27, 1931, when British police surrounded him at Alfred Park in Allahabad (now Prayagraj). Azad fought courageously and ensured that his companion escaped safely. When he realised capture was inevitable, he used his last bullet on himself rather than surrender. He had once vowed that he would never be captured alive by the British, and he kept that promise until his final breath.
Chandra Shekhar Azad’s sacrifice made him a legend in India’s freedom movement. His courage inspired countless young Indians to join the struggle for independence. Even today, his life is remembered as a shining example of selflessness, determination and love for the nation.
On his birth anniversary, schools, colleges and organisations across the country pay tribute to the great revolutionary through cultural programmes, discussions and remembrance events. His birthplace and memorials continue to attract visitors who wish to honour his contribution to India’s freedom.
More than a century after his birth, Chandra Shekhar Azad remains a timeless symbol of fearless patriotism. His life reminds us that freedom was achieved through the courage and sacrifices of countless heroes who placed the nation above themselves. His legacy continues to inspire every Indian to value liberty, uphold justice and serve the nation with dedication.