The annual bird census at Chilika Lake, conducted on January 18, 2025, revealed both promising and concerning trends for this critical habitat. While the total number of visiting birds decreased compared to previous years, there was an encouraging increase in the variety of species spotted, reflecting changes in the ecological dynamics of Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon.
Chilika Lake: A Biodiversity Haven
Spanning an expansive 1,165 square kilometers, Chilika Lake is a globally significant ecosystem. It serves as Asia’s largest wintering ground for migratory birds, attracting avian visitors from regions beyond the Himalayas. For centuries, this lagoon has been a sanctuary for birds seeking refuge from harsh winters, offering them a vital space to rest and prepare for their return journeys.
2025 Census Findings
This year’s census recorded a total of 1,127,228 birds belonging to 196 species, slightly lower than the 1,137,759 birds of 187 species counted in 2024 and the 1,131,929 birds of 184 species observed in 2023. Among the 2025 tally, 1,087,226 were migratory birds from 109 species, while 40,002 were resident birds from 87 species.
Despite the decline in the overall bird population, the increase in species diversity—from 184 in 2023 to 196 in 2025—is a significant development, showcasing the lake’s capacity to attract new avian visitors.
Environmental Challenges
Experts attribute the decline in bird numbers to untimely rains in December 2024, which caused water levels in the lake to rise, submerging the mudflats essential for waterfowl feeding. This may have prompted some migratory birds to relocate to nearby farmlands in search of sustenance.
The changing climatic patterns underline the urgent need to mitigate environmental disruptions that threaten Chilika Lake’s delicate ecosystem and its role as a vital wintering ground.
Neighboring Wetlands: Mixed Trends
The bird census across other wetlands in Odisha presented a mixed picture. The Hirakud wetland recorded an increase in its bird population, with 377,732 birds from 122 species observed this year. Bhitarkanika National Park maintained stable numbers, reporting 151,614 birds of 118 species, consistent with previous years.
Avian Highlights
Among the species, Gadwalls were the most abundant, with a count of 201,926, followed by Northern Pintails and Eurasian Wigeons. A remarkable increase was noted in the number of Greater Flamingos, which rose to 2,638, adding to the vibrancy of the lake’s avifauna.
Collaborative Census Effort
The bird census was conducted through a coordinated effort led by the Chilika Wildlife Division and the Chilika Development Authority, involving 126 experts from various organizations. Their comprehensive methodology ensured accurate data collection and provided valuable insights into the bird populations and habitat conditions.
The Role of Chilika Lake
Chilika Lake’s importance extends far beyond its ecological significance. It is a crucial hub for migratory birds escaping the harsh winters of their native habitats. This lagoon not only offers them a safe haven but also plays a vital role in sustaining their migratory cycles. Preserving this biodiversity hotspot is imperative, not only for the birds that depend on it but also for the balance of the region’s ecosystem.
As the findings from the 2025 bird census highlight both challenges and progress, efforts to safeguard and restore the ecological integrity of Chilika Lake must remain a priority for wildlife authorities and conservationists alike.