With the launch of its first hydrogen-powered train, India has joined an exclusive group of nations pioneering hydrogen-based rail transport, marking a major step towards cleaner, low-carbon mobility. The milestone places India alongside Germany, Japan, the United States, and China, all of which are investing in hydrogen fuel cell technology to reduce emissions and transform the future of rail transportation.
Hydrogen-powered trains are increasingly being seen as the next frontier in sustainable mobility, especially for non-electrified rail routes. Unlike diesel locomotives, these trains generate electricity using hydrogen fuel cells and emit only water vapour, making them an environmentally friendly alternative.
Germany: The Global Pioneer
Germany became the world’s first country to introduce hydrogen-powered passenger trains with the Alstom Coradia iLint. In 2022, one of these trains completed a remarkable 1,175-kilometre journey without refuelling, showcasing the long-distance potential of hydrogen technology. The country is now expanding hydrogen train operations across several regional railway networks.
Japan: Developing the HYBARI Train
Japan is preparing to launch its first hydrogen hybrid train, HYBARI, by the end of fiscal year 2027. The train is expected to operate on the Tsurumi and Nambu lines near Tokyo, reflecting the country’s commitment to next-generation clean transportation.
United States: California Leads the Way
The United States entered the hydrogen rail era in 2024 with the introduction of ZEMU (Zero-Emission Multiple Unit) in California. The project is part of broader efforts to decarbonise regional rail services and accelerate the transition to zero-emission public transport.
China: Advancing High-Speed Hydrogen Rail
China has been actively testing hydrogen-powered trains designed for higher-speed urban and intercity operations. The country’s research and development efforts highlight the growing global momentum behind hydrogen-powered mobility.
A Milestone for India’s Green Transport Vision
India’s entry into the hydrogen rail club represents a significant milestone in the country’s drive towards sustainable transportation. The newly launched hydrogen-powered train will serve as a pilot project to evaluate the technology’s operational efficiency, safety, and commercial viability before its possible expansion to other non-electrified railway routes.
The initiative complements Indian Railways’ goal of achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2030 and aligns with the National Green Hydrogen Mission, which seeks to establish India as a global leader in clean hydrogen production and utilisation.
As countries worldwide race to adopt cleaner transport technologies, India’s first hydrogen train signals not only technological advancement but also the nation’s growing commitment to reducing carbon emissions, strengthening energy security, and building a greener future.