The decade of 1830s brought in a large-scale of unemployment in Europe.
Most of European countries witnessed employment opportunities going low in number, whereas job seekers were many.
Cities were extremely overcrowded.
As a result, slums emerged as more people migrated from the rural areas to the urban areas.
Small producers in towns faced stiff competition from the imports of cheap machine-made goods from England where industrialisation was more advanced, especially in textile production.