Dhanteras, one of the most eagerly awaited Hindu festivals, marks the beginning of the five-day Diwali celebrations. Known for its association with wealth and well-being, Dhanteras is a day of great significance across India. Also referred to as Dhanatrayodashi or Dhanvantari Trayodashi, the festival involves the tradition of bringing home items such as utensils, jewelry, coins, and electronic gadgets, symbolizing the arrival of prosperity. In this article, we delve into the history, traditions, and significance of Dhanteras.
What is Dhanteras?
The term Dhanteras is derived from two Sanskrit words: Dhan, meaning wealth, and Teras, meaning the thirteenth day. Dhanteras falls on the thirteenth day of the Krishna Paksha (waning phase of the moon) in the Hindu month of Ashwin. As per the Gregorian calendar, this festival is usually celebrated in October or November. On this day, people worship Goddess Lakshmi, the deity of wealth, seeking her blessings for financial prosperity and success.
The History of Dhanteras
Dhanteras is steeped in mythology, with several stories highlighting its origins:
- Dhanvantari’s Emergence: According to Hindu mythology, during the Samudra Manthan (churning of the ocean), Lord Dhanvantari, the god of Ayurveda, emerged from the ocean holding the holy text of Ayurveda and a pot of Amrita (the elixir of immortality). This event symbolizes health and well-being, which are as important as material wealth. Dhanteras celebrates the emergence of Dhanvantari, who brought the gift of good health to humanity.
- Goddess Lakshmi’s Appearance: Another story from the Skanda Purana narrates how Goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity, emerged from the ocean during Samudra Manthan. To welcome her, households across India light diyas (lamps) and decorate their homes with rangoli on Dhanteras, symbolizing the arrival of wealth and happiness.
- The Legend of King Hima: One of the most fascinating stories associated with Dhanteras is the legend of King Hima’s son. According to his horoscope, he was destined to die from a snake bite on the third day after his marriage. To prevent this, his wife lit diyas and piled up her jewelry at the entrance of their home. When Yamraj, the god of death, came disguised as a snake, the brilliance of the lamps and gold distracted him, saving her husband’s life. This event is commemorated by lighting lamps on Dhanteras, symbolizing the triumph of light over darkness.
- The Story of the Farmer: Another lesser-known tale is that of Goddess Lakshmi’s visit to Earth with Lord Vishnu. When she broke a promise not to look southward and indulged in sugarcane juice, Vishnu commanded her to serve a poor farmer for 12 years. Her presence brought prosperity to the farmer’s family. When the 12 years ended, the farmer begged her to stay. Lakshmi revealed her true identity and promised to visit him every Dhanteras. Since then, households have cleaned their homes and lit diyas to welcome her.
Significance of Dhanteras
Dhanteras, a day combining the essence of wealth and spirituality, holds profound significance. On this day, people:
- Buy New Items: Whether it’s jewelry, coins, or household essentials, purchasing new items on Dhanteras is believed to invite prosperity. Traditionally, gold, silver, and brass items are bought, symbolizing a future filled with wealth and abundance.
- Worship Goddess Lakshmi: Devotees perform Lakshmi Puja, lighting diyas to honor the goddess and welcome her into their homes. Cleanliness is a key aspect, as it is believed that Goddess Lakshmi visits only clean and well-maintained homes.
- Health and Well-being: The day is also associated with Lord Dhanvantari, making it a time to focus on health and well-being. Ayurvedic treatments and wellness practices are particularly revered.
When is Dhanteras 2024?
In 2024, Dhanteras will be celebrated on October 29, a Tuesday. This day marks the start of Diwali festivities, spreading joy, light, and abundance across the country.
Dhanteras and the Five-Day Diwali Festival
Dhanteras is the first of the five-day-long Diwali celebration:
- Dhanteras: The festival of wealth, focusing on new purchases and the worship of Goddess Lakshmi.
- Naraka Chaturdashi: Also known as Choti Diwali, this day celebrates Lord Krishna’s victory over the demon Narakasura.
- Diwali: The most significant day, Lakshmi Puja is performed to invite prosperity into homes.
- Govardhan Puja: Dedicated to Lord Krishna, this day honors his protection of devotees.
- Bhai Dooj: A day celebrating the bond between brothers and sisters.
Celebrating Dhanteras in India
The celebration of Dhanteras revolves around light, wealth, and prosperity. On this day, homes are adorned with diyas, ensuring no corner is left in darkness. Families exchange gifts, including sweets and festive items, symbolizing love and goodwill.
Business owners and shopkeepers perform Chopda Pujan, where account books for the upcoming financial year are inaugurated. This is also an auspicious time for new investments or ventures, believed to bring good fortune.
What to Buy on Dhanteras?
Dhanteras is synonymous with purchasing new items. From gold and silver coins to electronic goods and utensils, every item bought is considered to usher in good luck. Handmade idols of Goddess Lakshmi and Lord Ganesha, Tulsi Kansa mugs, and copper utensils are also popular choices for those looking to bring health and prosperity into their homes.
The Spirit of Dhanteras
Dhanteras is more than just a festival—it is a celebration of hope, prosperity, and the triumph of light over darkness. With the lighting of lamps, the exchange of gifts, and the purchase of new items, Dhanteras embodies the spirit of giving and abundance. As we prepare for Dhanteras 2024, it’s time to welcome wealth and happiness into our homes with joy, light, and love.
Happy Dhanteras!