As India braces for another intense summer, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is set to implement an additional 300 Heat Action Plans (HAPs) across cities. These plans aim to address the growing challenge of rising temperatures, with heatwaves already arriving earlier this year and temperatures surpassing 40°C in several states. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) forecasts a further increase in temperatures in Northwest India, heightening concerns about public health and economic stability.
Understanding Heat Action Plans (HAPs)
Heat Action Plans (HAPs) serve as strategic frameworks developed by governments to mitigate the impact of extreme heat events. These plans outline standard operating procedures for cities and states, ensuring preparedness, response, and recovery from heat-related challenges. HAPs include emergency response activities, long-term preparedness strategies, and cooling interventions to protect vulnerable populations.
Expanding Implementation Across India
Currently, around 200 HAPs have been finalized in India. The NDMA is working to expand this number to 500, recognizing that many states still rely on basic advisory measures for heat prevention rather than comprehensive, actionable plans. The NDMA’s focus is on ensuring that these strategies are not merely theoretical but effectively implemented to reduce the dangers of extreme heat.
The Risks to Public Health and Infrastructure
Extreme heat poses significant risks to both public health and infrastructure. Improved weather forecasting has contributed to a decline in heatwave-related fatalities, yet the economic impact of heat stress remains severe. With approximately 85% of India’s workforce employed in the informal sector, industries such as agriculture and construction are particularly susceptible to heat-related challenges. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can lead to productivity losses, increased health costs, and long-term economic strain.
A Global Perspective on Heat Stress
Globally, over 70% of the workforce is at risk from extreme heat, resulting in millions of injuries and fatalities each year. Climate change is expected to cost India approximately 2.8% of its GDP by 2050, affecting the living standards of nearly half of its population. By 2030, India could face significant job losses due to heat stress, with estimates suggesting that 34 million jobs may be at risk. Addressing these concerns requires immediate and sustained intervention.
Government Initiatives and Funding Efforts
Recognizing the urgent need for action, the Government of India has allocated $30 billion for disaster management from 2021 to 2026, with $6 billion specifically designated for mitigation efforts. These funds are aimed at strengthening resilience against climate-related challenges, including heat management and earthquake preparedness. Such investments are critical in safeguarding both human lives and economic stability as India navigates the challenges posed by climate change.
Conclusion
As extreme temperatures continue to challenge India’s public health, economy, and workforce, the expansion of Heat Action Plans represents a crucial step in mitigating heat-related risks. With proactive strategies and significant investments, India is working to enhance its resilience against the growing threat of climate-induced heat stress. However, the success of these efforts will depend on effective implementation, widespread awareness, and continued innovation in climate adaptation strategies.