A remarkable ornithological discovery has been made in peninsular India—the Blue-Cheeked Bee-Eater (Merops persicus) has been confirmed to breed in the region for the first time. This milestone finding was recorded in the saltpans of Aandivilai, near the Manakudy Mangroves in Kanniyakumari district, Tamil Nadu.
A Unique Species: Characteristics of the Blue-Cheeked Bee-Eater
This striking bird is known for its vibrant green plumage, a distinctive blue cheek patch, and elegant tail streamers that enhance its graceful appearance. Traditionally, the Blue-Cheeked Bee-Eater has been a passage migrant and winter visitor in India. Its primary breeding locations were recorded in the Nile Delta, Pakistan, and Iran, with winter migration to various regions in Africa.
Discovery of a New Breeding Site
The discovery of a breeding population in Tamil Nadu marks a significant range expansion for the species. A detailed study conducted from January 2022 to October 2023 surveyed areas across the Pazhayar Basin, including Periyakulam, Manakudy Mangroves, Puthalam, and Aandivilai. Researchers observed a flock of Blue-Cheeked Bee-Eaters engaging in courtship behaviors, leading to the identification of their nesting sites along the saltpans of the Pazhayar river basin.
Breeding Patterns and Population Growth
During the study, the breeding season began with 28 individuals. By the end of the observation period, the number had grown to 48 birds, confirming successful breeding. The species exhibited year-round site fidelity, except for February, when they were notably absent. These findings suggest a stable and potentially growing breeding population in the region.
Threats to the Nesting Colony
Despite its ecological importance, the Aandivilai nesting colony faces multiple threats. The primary concerns include:
- Habitat destruction due to developmental activities.
- Coastal Regulation Zone violations, despite being a designated No Development Zone.
- Natural threats, such as flooding and erosion, which could disrupt nesting sites.
The Urgent Need for Conservation Efforts
With the Aandivilai colony being the only known breeding site in India, conservationists are urging authorities to implement protective measures to preserve this rare and crucial habitat. Immediate steps are needed to safeguard the breeding grounds and prevent potential disturbances that could impact the population’s sustainability.
Habitat and Adaptive Behaviors
The Blue-Cheeked Bee-Eater thrives in sub-tropical semi-desert regions with scattered trees, where it either nests solitarily or in small colonies. Interestingly, this species is known to share nesting sites with the European Bee-Eater, showcasing its adaptive behavior. Outside of its breeding season, it prefers greener landscapes, displaying a remarkable ability to adjust to diverse environments.
Conclusion
The confirmation of Blue-Cheeked Bee-Eater breeding in Tamil Nadu marks a significant moment in Indian ornithology. However, the fragility of its nesting habitat calls for urgent conservation actions. By recognizing and protecting this vital breeding site, India can contribute to the long-term survival of this stunning species in the region.
Ensuring the protection of such avian wonders is a shared responsibility—one that requires immediate and sustained conservation efforts.