Jaipur, the city of grandeur and heritage, celebrated its 297th Foundation Day on November 18, 2024. Renowned as the first planned city of India and a UNESCO World Heritage City, Jaipur stands as a testimony to architectural brilliance and cultural richness envisioned centuries ago.
A City Born from Visionary Planning
Founded by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II in 1727, Jaipur was meticulously planned based on Vastu Shastra and astronomical principles. The city was divided into nine squares, symbolizing the nine planets, embodying an unparalleled design that set a benchmark for urban planning. This foresight, conceptualized nearly 150 years before its establishment, showcases Jaipur’s timeless appeal.
Architectural Marvels of Jaipur
Kalki Temple: A Sacred Landmark
Did you know that the world’s first Kalki Temple is located in Jaipur? Situated in the bustling Sirh Deodhi Bazaar, this temple was built between 1732 and 1742 under the reign of Sawai Jai Singh II. Historical texts, including Vachan Praman Granth and Ishwar Vilas, reveal that the temple’s design represents Lord Kalki seated on a lotus, emphasizing the ruler’s devotion to Lord Vishnu’s tenth incarnation.
Hawa Mahal: A Tribute to Lord Krishna
Constructed in 1799 by Sawai Pratap Singh, the iconic Hawa Mahal is a masterpiece shaped like Lord Krishna’s crown. With its 365 windows and distinct temples such as Sharad Mandir and Ratan Mandir, this structure embodies the king’s spiritual reverence for Krishna while also serving as an architectural wonder.
Nahargarh Fort: A Guarding Giant
Overlooking Jaipur from a height of 700 feet, Nahargarh Fort was built in 1734 by Sawai Jai Singh. The fort features 10 palatial chambers named after celestial entities like Suraj Prakash and Chandra Prakash, showcasing Jaipur’s celestial alignment. Its advanced water storage system remains a marvel to this day.
Jaipur’s Unique Pink Identity
The epithet “Pink City” was earned in 1875 when Sawai Ram Singh II painted the city in pink hues to welcome the Prince of Wales. Before this transformation, Jaipur was adorned in white. This tradition continues to symbolize Jaipur’s hospitality and charm.
Evolution of Modern Jaipur
Modern developments began under Sawai Man Singh II and Sir Mirza Ismail in the early 20th century. Ramganj, one of the oldest areas, saw the construction of its first verandah in Mehndi Chowk. Later, tin sheds were added to other bazaars, creating a unique urban aesthetic.
The Last Handcrafted Gold Coin
In 1949, during Sawai Man Singh II’s reign, Jaipur issued its last handcrafted gold coin, valued at ₹28. This exquisite coin featured Ayodhya’s royal emblem and the year 1949 engraved in Urdu, marking the end of a royal tradition.
A Living Heritage
Jaipur today is not just a city but an experience—a blend of ancient traditions and modern aspirations. As the city steps into its 297th year, its legacy continues to inspire millions of visitors who come to marvel at its timeless beauty and vibrant culture.
Let us celebrate Jaipur’s journey, its stories, and its unmatched contribution to India’s rich heritage. Happy Foundation Day, Jaipur!