The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has once again etched its name in the annals of space exploration by successfully completing the second docking of two satellites in space as part of its Space Docking Experiment mission. This milestone further cements India’s position among the elite group of nations previously limited to the United States, Russia, and China that have mastered this complex space technology.
ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan described the achievement as child’s play for the team, underscoring its significance. This is a major milestone, and our team executed it with remarkable precision. The data gathered from this mission will be invaluable for future endeavors,” he said.
Second Phase of SpaDeX Mission
The SpaDeX mission involved two 220-kg satellites, SDX01 and SDX02 , launched into a 475-km orbit on December 30, 2024, via the PSLV-C60 rocket. The first successful docking was achieved on January 16, 2025, followed by a successful undocking on March 13. The second docking, completed on April 21, 2025, demonstrated ISRO’s ability to refine and repeat this intricate maneuver.
During the operation, the satellites were brought within 15 to 3 meters of each other, achieving docking with pinpoint accuracy. Post-docking, the satellites operated as a single unit, and ISRO will now focus on testing subsequent phases, including undocking and power transfer.
Why This Achievement Matters
Space docking technology is critical for ambitious missions like Chandrayaan-4, aimed at retrieving lunar samples, and the proposed Bharatiya Antariksh Station (Indian Space Station), targeted for establishment by 2035. It is also essential for the Gaganyaan human spaceflight program and potential future manned lunar missions.
Union Minister of State for Science and Technology Jitendra Singh hailed the achievement, tweeting, Second docking successfully completed. This mission is a shining example of India’s indigenous space technology capabilities.
Future Plans
ISRO plans to conduct additional docking experiments under the SpaDeX mission. Narayanan noted that the satellites have sufficient propellant to test docking under various conditions. A recent “rolling” or “rotating” experiment conducted in late March has already provided critical data for future missions.
This mission not only showcases India’s technological prowess but also its ability to execute complex space missions cost-effectively. The SpaDeX mission, with a total cost of ₹124.47 crore, stands as a testament to ISRO’s efficiency.
Reactions from Leaders
Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated ISRO, stating, “This remarkable feat underscores India’s growing stature in space exploration. ISRO continues to make the nation proud.”
With this achievement, ISRO has not only demonstrated its technical expertise but also laid a strong foundation for India’s future in space exploration, paving the way for more advanced and ambitious missions