A recent survey of reptiles and amphibians, known as herpetofauna, in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR) has led to exciting new discoveries. Conducted in the Masinagudi Division from September 7th to 9th, 2024, the survey identified 33 species of reptiles and 36 species of amphibians. Among these, four species are potentially new to science, marking a significant breakthrough in biodiversity research.
Survey Overview
The survey covered various elevations ranging from 300 to 2,000 meters above sea level, exploring a diverse array of habitats within the Masinagudi Division. Led by Deputy Director Arun Kumar P. and guided by Field Director D. Venkatesh, this was the first comprehensive study of herpetofauna in this part of the reserve. The findings not only reveal the rich biodiversity of the region but also hold the potential to expand scientific knowledge on previously undocumented species.
Discovery of Potential New Species
During the survey, researchers discovered four species that may be entirely new to science:
- Two gecko species: One from the Cnemaspis genus and another from the Hemidactylus genus.
- One skink (a type of lizard).
- One frog from the Sphaerotheca genus.
Further research, including taxonomic and molecular studies, will be required to confirm the novelty of these species. Scientists will analyze both the physical characteristics and genetic material of the collected specimens to officially classify them as new.
Endangered Species Identified
The survey also documented several endangered species, highlighting the ecological significance of the reserve. Notable findings include:
- Cave dancing frog (Micrixalus spelunca).
- Indraneil’s night frog (Nyctibatrachus indraneili).
- Striped coral snake (Calliophis nigrescens).
- King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah).
- Nilgiri burrowing snake (Plectrurus perrotetii).
These species are either endangered or endemic to the region, making their presence critical for conservation efforts.
Ecological Importance of Masinagudi Division
The Masinagudi Division within MTR is a vital ecological zone, consisting of a mix of forests and shrub jungles that provide ideal habitats for a wide variety of species. This area is also a biodiversity hotspot within the Western Ghats, one of the world’s most diverse ecosystems. Its rich flora and fauna, along with its key role as a water source for wildlife and nearby human communities, underscore its importance for ecological balance.
Future Surveys and Discoveries
This survey is only the beginning of efforts to explore the biodiversity of the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve. Additional surveys are planned for the upcoming monsoon season, particularly in more remote and difficult-to-reach areas. These surveys will focus on species that are active during dry periods, potentially leading to the discovery of even more new species. With these efforts, researchers hope to deepen their understanding of the region’s herpetofauna and its role within the larger ecosystem.
Conservation Implications
The findings from this survey are invaluable for wildlife conservation in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve. With this new data, conservationists can develop more effective strategies for managing the reserve and protecting its wildlife. Including previous studies, a total of 55 reptile species and 39 amphibian species have now been documented in the reserve, with around 40% being endemic to the Western Ghats. Additionally, 16 of these species are considered threatened, highlighting the need for ongoing conservation measures to preserve the region’s biodiversity.
This groundbreaking survey not only adds to the understanding of India’s rich wildlife but also emphasizes the critical need for continued efforts to protect and conserve these species for future generations.