(Pic Courtesy: Alastair Gill)
Along Turkey’s rugged Mediterranean coast, a 540km trail weaves through pine forests, remote villages, and ruins of a lost world—Lycia, an ancient maritime republic and the birthplace of the world’s first democratic union. Long forgotten by history, Lycia’s political legacy lives on in the U.S. Constitution itself.
Along the Lycian Way, there are dozens of tombs—some with Gothic-style lids—strewn across hillsides and buried in thickets. From Simena Castle to the necropolis above Kaleüçağız, the eerie presence of these relics served as a ghostly reminder: others once called this land home.
A Legacy Etched in Stone—and Politics
Immortalized by Homer in The Iliad as the land of the “swirling river Xanthos,” Lycia was home to a fiercely independent seafaring people. Though Herodotus claimed their ancestors came from Crete, modern historians believe they were native Anatolians who became Hellenised after Alexander the Great conquered the region in 333 BCE.
The Lycians may have vanished long ago, but their political model lived on. In June 1787, during the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, James Madison cited the Lycian League—a federation of 23 city-states—as a compelling example of proportional representation.
The Lycians formed a union where larger cities had three votes, medium cities had two, and smaller ones had one,” said a local. That very principle became the foundation of the U.S. House of Representatives.
The Lycian League: The World’s First Democratic Union
Formed in the 2nd Century BCE, the Lycian League is recognized as the world’s earliest democratic federation. Though Rome retained control over foreign affairs, the League elected its own executive (a Lyciarch), judges, and even managed taxation. French philosopher Montesquieu once called it “the most perfect constitution of antiquity.”
Dr Anthony Keen, a Lycia expert at the University of Notre Dame, describes the League as “a fusion of Greek democratic ideas and local Lycian traditions.”
Walking Through Ghosts
Today, hikers like follow ancient roads that once connected Lycia’s city-states. The Lycian Way, developed in the 1990s by British historian Kate Clow, retraces these routes—many lost to time—through oak groves, mountain villages, and archaeological sites.
Despite the trail’s beauty, the land feels haunted. As explorer Freya Stark once wrote, this is “the most haunted coast in the world.” Lycian tombs—empty now, their treasures long plundered—appear in every grove, their sarcophagi raised high to honor the dead.
“There’s this idea in Lycia of literally elevating important people in death,” said Dr Catherine Draycott of Durham University. In multi-tiered tombs, the deceased were often placed in an upper sarcophagus, while family or slaves were buried below.
From Ruins to Revival
One of the Lycian Way’s most powerful stops is Patara, once the League’s capital. Now mostly ruins, its greatest treasure is the restored Council Chamber, a semi-circular auditorium that once hosted debates on governance and law.
Sitting there, it was easy to imagine robed delegates arguing policy under the eye of the Lyciarch. From these very stones came an idea so powerful it would echo across millennia, influencing a new nation an ocean away.
Today, the U.S. House of Representatives reflects that Lycian ideal—apportioning seats according to state populations. In the end, what survived Lycia was not just stone and script, but something far more enduring: an idea about how people could govern themselves.
The Lycian Way At a Glance:
- Length: 540km (760km with alternate routes)
- Route: Fethiye to Geyikbayırı, near Antalya
- Duration: ~30 days
- Accommodation: Guesthouses, wild camping
- Best Time to Visit: March–May or September–November
(Article inspired from BBC.com’s story which was written by Alastair Gill)