India stands tall as the second-largest producer of cotton in the world, contributing approximately 21% of global cotton output. With an estimated production of around 25 million bales in 2025, India’s cotton industry plays a vital role in the global textile supply chain. Major cotton-producing states like Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana, Rajasthan, and Karnataka have turned the country into a powerhouse of cotton cultivation, driving both economic growth and employment in the agricultural sector.
Cotton remains one of the most important cash crops globally, playing a vital role in textile manufacturing and the livelihoods of millions of farmers. Based on data from USDA FAS 2025, here are the top five cotton-producing countries in the world:
1. China
China continues to dominate global cotton production due to its advanced agricultural technologies such as genetically modified crops, precision farming, and automated irrigation systems. Despite a relatively stable area under cultivation, high productivity and government support have helped China maintain the top position.
- Key Region: Xinjiang Province
- Strengths: Technological innovation, high yields, export strength
- Global Share: ~24%
2. India
India ranks as the second-largest cotton producer, contributing about 21% of global output. The country’s production in 2025 is estimated at 25 million bales. Cotton is a major component of India’s agricultural and textile economy.
- Major Cotton-Producing States: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana, Rajasthan, Karnataka
- Strengths: Large cultivation area, farmer base, diverse growing zones
- Global Share: ~21%
3. Brazil
Brazil has rapidly emerged as a cotton powerhouse, ranking third globally with an estimated 17 million bales in 2025, accounting for 14% of world production. The growth is driven by strategic farming practices, crop rotation, and strong government support.
- Strengths: Soil conservation, subsidies, export infrastructure
- Notable Practices: Use of high-yield varieties, sustainable farming methods
- Global Share: ~14%
🇺🇸 4. United States
- Key Producing States: Texas, Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas
- Strengths: Export capacity, technological edge, strong policy support
- Export Share: ~33% of global raw cotton exports
5. Pakistan
Pakistan ranks among the top five cotton producers in 2025. The country’s agricultural economy is deeply reliant on cotton, supporting a vast textile sector. Despite climate-related challenges, favourable growing conditions and industry demand continue to drive production.
- Strengths: Established textile industry, favourable climate, skilled labor
- Challenges: Water stress, pest control, outdated farming techniques
- Global Share: ~6%