Libia Lobo Sardesai, a fearless nationalist and a pivotal figure in Goa’s freedom struggle, was recently honored with the Padma Shri, India’s fourth-highest civilian award. This recognition commemorates her vital role in the fight against Portuguese colonial rule, particularly through the establishment of an underground radio station that became a voice of resistance.
Early Life and Influences
Born in 1924 in Portuguese-ruled Goa, Libia Lobo Sardesai spent her formative years in Bombay (now Mumbai), where she was deeply influenced by the broader Indian freedom movement. During her college years, she actively engaged in nationalist activities, determined to see Goa freed from colonial oppression. The arrest of peaceful protestors in 1954 and the brutal suppression of civil liberties further fueled her commitment to the cause.
The Underground Radio Station: A Voice of Freedom
In response to the Portuguese regime’s strict censorship, Libia and her husband, Vaman Sardesai, established an underground radio station that played a crucial role in countering Portuguese propaganda. Initially named Q, it later became known as Goenche Sodvonecho Awaz (Voice of Goan Liberation) and Voz de Liberdade (Voice of Freedom). The station broadcast crucial updates about the liberation struggle, instilling hope and unity among Goans.
Secret Operations in the Jungle
Operating in secrecy from the dense forests of Maharashtra and Karnataka, Libia and her team worked tirelessly—often for 18-hour days—to gather news, prepare broadcasts, and deliver them to the people of Goa. The conditions were treacherous, with the constant threat of discovery by Portuguese authorities and the challenges of surviving in remote wilderness areas.
The Final Days Before Goa’s Liberation
As the liberation movement gained momentum, Libia and Vaman Sardesai were taken to a rest house in Belgaum, Karnataka, just days before Operation Vijay—India’s military action to reclaim Goa. On December 17, 1961, they transmitted a critical message from India’s Defence Minister to the Portuguese Governor-General, warning of imminent military intervention.
Announcing Goa’s Freedom
On December 19, 1961, Libia Lobo Sardesai etched her name in history by officially announcing Goa’s liberation. Flying aboard an Indian Air Force plane equipped with a loudspeaker and radio transmitter, she declared to the people of Goa:
“Today, after 451 years of alien rule, Goa is free.”
This momentous announcement marked the end of centuries-long Portuguese dominance, ushering Goa into a new era of self-governance and integration with India.
Timeline of Goa’s Struggle and Integration
India-Portugal Relations Before Liberation
- 1947: India gains independence; diplomatic ties with Portugal remain friendly.
- 1949: India establishes formal diplomatic relations with Portugal.
- 1950: Portugal refuses to relinquish Goa, Daman & Diu, and Dadra & Nagar Haveli, straining ties.
- 1951: Portugal amends its constitution to declare Goa an “overseas province” rather than a colony, hoping to invoke NATO protection in case of an Indian attack.
- 1955: Diplomatic relations between India and Portugal are severed after failed negotiations.
- 1961: India launches Operation Vijay on December 18, leading to the annexation of Goa, Daman, and Diu the next day.
Integration of Other Portuguese Territories
- Dadra and Nagar Haveli (1954–1961): Captured by Indian nationalists in 1954, officially integrated in 1961.
- Daman and Diu (1961): Integrated alongside Goa after Operation Vijay.
The Broader History of Goa’s Freedom Movement
Portuguese Colonial Rule
Goa became a Portuguese colony in 1510 when Admiral Afonso de Albuquerque defeated the Bijapur Sultanate. For over four centuries, Portuguese rule persisted, resisting global decolonization movements.
Rise of Goan Nationalism
Inspired by India’s independence struggle, Goan nationalists intensified their efforts in the 20th century. Key figures included:
- Tristão de Bragança Cunha (1928): Founded the Goa National Congress, advocating for self-rule.
- Ram Manohar Lohia (1946): Led civil disobedience movements demanding freedom and civil liberties.
Diverging Approaches to Liberation
Goa’s freedom movement saw a divide between:
- Nonviolent Satyagraha: Advocated peaceful protests and negotiations.
- Armed Resistance (Azad Gomantak Dal – AGD): Used force against colonial authorities.
Internal disagreements and geopolitical considerations delayed Goa’s liberation, but in 1961, India’s military action finally ended 451 years of Portuguese rule.
Libia Lobo Sardesai: A Legacy of Courage
Libia Lobo Sardesai’s contribution to Goa’s freedom struggle remains an inspiring chapter in India’s history. Her fearless efforts in running an underground radio station, her resilience in the face of adversity, and her iconic announcement of Goa’s liberation cement her legacy as a true patriot.
Her Padma Shri recognition serves as a tribute not just to her but to all unsung heroes of Goa’s struggle, reminding future generations of the sacrifices made for independence.