Valentine’s Day, celebrated annually on 14 February, is a festival dedicated to romantic love, friendship, and admiration. On this day, people express their affection by sending heartfelt messages, cards, flowers, and gifts to partners, family members, and friends. Couples often spend special time together to celebrate and honour their love.
The Early History of Valentine’s Day
Valentine’s Day is named after Saint Valentine, a Catholic priest who lived in Rome during the 3rd century. Over time, various stories about his life developed into the legend we know today.
During this period, many Romans were converting to Christianity. However, the Roman Emperor Claudius II remained pagan and imposed strict laws on Christians. He believed Roman soldiers should be fully devoted to Rome and therefore banned them from marrying.
According to legend, Saint Valentine defied this order by secretly performing Christian marriage ceremonies for soldiers. This act earned him a reputation as a defender of love and commitment. Eventually, he was discovered and imprisoned.
While in jail, Valentine is said to have cared for fellow prisoners and befriended the jailer’s blind daughter. Legend holds that he miraculously restored her sight. Before his execution on 14 February, 270 AD, he allegedly wrote her a farewell message signed, “From your Valentine” — a phrase that remains famous today.
How Did Valentine’s Day Develop?
More than 200 years later, 14 February was officially declared Saint Valentine’s Day. By then, Rome had become Christian, and church leaders sought to replace pagan festivals. A fertility celebration traditionally held in mid-February was abolished, and the day was dedicated to Saint Valentine, securing its place in the Catholic calendar.
In the Middle Ages, the English poet Geoffrey Chaucer was among the first to connect Saint Valentine with romantic love. His writings helped establish the tradition of courtly love, where affection and admiration were expressed, often secretly. This custom spread across Europe, giving rise to poetry readings and romantic traditions associated with 14 February.
Valentine’s Day Symbols
Over time, the tradition of expressing love through handwritten notes evolved into sending specially designed Valentine’s Day cards. These early cards were handmade and often featured sentimental verses praising the beauty and virtues of the recipient.
Common symbols of Valentine’s Day include:
- Hearts – representing love
- Cupid – symbolising desire and affection
- Red roses – expressing deep romantic love
- Lace and ribbons – signifying elegance and devotion
These symbols remain globally recognised emblems of love.
Valentine’s Day in Contemporary Times
Today, Valentine’s Day is celebrated in many countries around the world, though traditions vary. In some cultures, the day honours not only romantic relationships but also friendships and family bonds.
Common modern traditions include:
- Exchanging Valentine’s cards and gifts
- Giving flowers, especially red roses
- Romantic dinners or home-cooked meals
- Picnics or weekend getaways
- Luxury hotel stays
- Creative marriage proposals
Many couples choose Valentine’s Day as a meaningful occasion to propose marriage. From mountaintop proposals to billboard messages, these gestures are often designed to be romantic and unforgettable.
In Essence
Valentine’s Day has evolved from a historical legend into a global celebration of love in all its forms. Whether through a simple message, a thoughtful gift, or a grand romantic gesture, 14 February continues to be a special day dedicated to expressing affection and appreciation.